A cikin bazara na 2020, al'ummomin duniya da ake zaton "wayewa" sun yi tir da yadda za su iya murkushe al'ummar cikin gida. A wannan lokacin na sami kamanceceniya a fili da wani babi na bakin ciki a tarihin zulumi: Yunwar Dankalin Irish. Akwai kamanceceniya da yawa da ke nuna masifun biyu.
Dukansu sun samo asali ne daga haƙiƙanin barazanar ilimin halitta waɗanda a zahiri sun wanzu (cutar dankalin turawa a Ireland da kuma sabon labari coronavirus a duniya); amma duk da haka zabin gwamnati (wanda ya samo asali a cikin akida da sarrafawa) ya kara wahalhalu fiye da duk wani abu da aka haifar. Manufofin Birtaniya a lokacin yunwa sun ba da fifikon fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ketare da ribar mai gida sama da rayukan mutane (Masu gidan Irish a wannan lokacin ƴan ƙasa ne da ake kira "Protestant Ascendancy" waɗanda ke nuna rinjaye na zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arziki akan yawan al'umma). Hakazalika, umarnin kullewa sun fifita hukunce-hukunce na sama sama da zaɓi na sirri da juriyar al'umma, wanda kawai ya fifita manyan jama'a waɗanda za su iya yin bita. Dukkanin lokutan biyun sun ga an tattake ’yanci: Irish sun rasa damar samun abinci da ƙasarsu, yayin da hane-hane na Covid ya rufe ƙin yarda, rufe majami'u, da kuma killace mutane zuwa gidajensu, duk a ƙarƙashin amincin jama'a.
Tushen Yunwar Dankalin Ƙasar Irish
Bala'in Irish na 1845-1852 kashe sama da miliyan kuma ya tilasta wa wani miliyan yin hijira, amma abin ya samo asali ne daga gazawar amfanin gona. Mulkin Birtaniyya ya aiwatar da tsarin da manoma 'yan haya na Irish ke shuka amfanin gona na tsabar kuɗi don fitar da su, suna barin dankali a matsayin su kaɗai. Lokacin da bala'in ya afku, jiragen ruwan abinci sun taso daga tashar jiragen ruwa na Irish da ke ɗauke da hatsi da dabbobi, zuwa Ingila, yayin da mazauna yankin ke fama da yunwa. Taimakon ya zo a makare kuma yana da rowa, mai nauyi a kan masu gidajen da ba sa nan waɗanda suka kori iyalai don rage farashi. Wannan ba aikin Allah ba ne, sai dai siyasa a matsayin azabtarwa da kuma alaƙa da ƙin jinin mulkin mallaka na ƙarni.
Covid's Echo: Sarrafa Kan Magani
Ci gaba da sauri zuwa 2020, kuma an buɗe irin wannan rubutun. Lallai kwayar cutar ta kasance mai kisa ga masu rauni, amma amsa (a cikin nau'i na rufewa mara iyaka, umarnin abin rufe fuska, da hana tafiye-tafiye) ya haifar da bala'in cutarwa fiye da abin da take ƙoƙarin ragewa. Tattalin Arziki ya tsaya cak, matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa sun taru, kuma yara sun yi asarar shekaru na makaranta, duk yayin da shugabanni ke wa'azin "Bi kimiyya" daga kumfansu da aka rufe. 'Yancin fadin albarkacin bakinsu ya ruguje karkashin kulawar likitocin da ba su yarda ba, taron addini ya fuskanci hare-haren 'yan sanda, kuma 'yancin kai ya ba da damar bin ka'idodin aikace-aikacen da fasfo na rigakafi. Waɗannan ma'auni masu guba (wanda aka siyar a matsayin wucin gadi) sun daɗe da lalacewa, har abada suna zubar da amana ga cibiyoyi.
Darussa a cikin 'Yanci
A cikin masifu guda biyu, jihar ta sanya kanta a matsayin mai ceto, kawai don yin amfani da iko wanda ya tsawaita zafi. Yunwar Ireland ta iya samun sauƙi tare da dakatar da fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ketare da ƙarin taimakon da aka ba da kai; Da an rage yawan adadin Covid ta hanyar kariya da aka yi niyya sabanin tilastawa bargo. Zaren gama gari? Gwamnatocin da suke kallon mutane a matsayin talakawa, ba masu mulki ba.
A cikin danyen buɗewar ta na 1995 "yunwaSinéad O'Connor ta yanke kai tsaye zuwa kashi: "To, ina so in yi magana game da Ireland. Musamman, ina so in yi magana game da 'yunwa'. Game da gaskiyar cewa babu da gaske ya kasance daya. Ba a yi 'yunwa' ba." Ba ta musanta firgicin gawarwakin da suka lalace ba, da jiragen ruwa na gawa, da garuruwan fatalwa da aka bari a baya. Wani bala'i na gaske, wani bala'in bala'i, wani zagaye na jami'ai waɗanda suka mayar da rikici zuwa bala'i ta hanyar ƙarfin ɓata (mafi kyau), munanan doka, da ƙa'idodi.
Fall, 1845, Ireland. Filayen dankalin turawa, layin rayuwa na kusan rabin yawan jama'a, sun bushe a ƙarƙashin cutar fungal da aka shigo da su daga Amurka. Wani mummunan rauni ne, tabbas. Amma mutuwa ba ta fara da aikin gona ruɓe; ya yi sauri tare da jiragen ruwa da suka ci gaba da tafiya. A karkashin mulkin Burtaniya, Ireland ta samar da rarar naman sa, man shanu, da hatsi (isa su ciyar da mutanenta sau goma). Amma duk da haka waɗannan kayayyaki sun fita zuwa kasuwannin Biritaniya, waɗanda bayonets ke gadin su idan mutanen yankin suka kuskura suka yi zanga-zanga.
Gwamnatin Firayim Minista John Russell ta manne da wani akida kama "kasuwa kyauta," ƙin yin katsalandan a harkar kasuwanci ko da rumfunan ajiya sun cika da ramuka da gawawwaki. Mazauna gidaje, da yawa kasancewar turawan da ba su halarta ba suna yin haya daga nesa, sun sami hasken kore don share gidaje, suna korar dubban ɗaruruwan don ba da hanyar kiwon tumaki. Kitchen ɗin miya ta buɗe, amma sai bayan watanni da jinkiri, kuma sun rufe lokacin da na'urar gani ta yi zafi. A shekara ta 1852, al'ummar miliyan takwas sun ragu da kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu. Wannan ba yunwa ce ta kaddara ba; yunwa ce ta fiat.
Yanzu matsawa zuwa Maris 2020. Ƙararrawa ta tashi game da kwayar cutar numfashi da ke tsalle daga dakin gwaje-gwaje na Wuhan ko kasuwanni masu rigar (dauka), tana bugun huhu da asibitoci da ƙarfi. Mutuwar farko ta hauhawa, tsoro ya mamaye iska, kuma dole ne wani abu ya bayar. Amma abin da ya biyo baya ba daidai ba ne; sledge guduma ne ga tsarin ɗan adam na halitta. Gwamnatoci a duk duniya, daga Washington zuwa Whitehall, sun fitar da "makonni biyu don rage yaduwar" wanda ya kai shekaru da yawa na kama gida ga masu lafiya. Kasuwanci sun hau tagogi, ba daga kwayar cutar ba, amma daga ƙa'idodin da ke ganin cewa aski ya fi haɗarin babban kanti. Coci-coci da makarantu sun kulle kofofinsu yayin da manyan kamfanoni, shagunan sayar da barasa, da tsiri kulake zauna a bude a matsayin "mahimmanci." Masu zanga-zangar suna daga alamun zabin jiki sun fuskanci harsashin roba; muryoyin kan layi suna tambayar bayanan sun sami dakatar da inuwa ko mafi muni.
Daidaitawa suna kururuwa idan kun saurara. Duk rikice-rikicen biyu sun ciyar da rauni. Talakawa na Irish sun cunkushe cikin ramukan da suka dogara da dankalin turawa, tsofaffi da masu rigakafin rigakafi a ware a cikin duniya kwatsam mai haɗari don taɓawa. Amma jami'ai a kowane zamani sun zaɓi hanyoyin da suka zurfafa rarrabuwar kawuna. A Ireland, masu kula da mulkin mallaka sun ɗauki ɗan Irish a matsayin abin kashewa, an yi watsi da roƙonsu a matsayin kukan na ƙasa. A lokacin Covid, masana da 'yan siyasa sun yi jawabai daga fagage game da daidaito, amma duk da haka dokokinsu sun kare masu iko: gwamnonin cin abinci ba tare da rufe fuska ba a liyafar wanki na Faransa yayin da ajin plebeian ke yin layi don rabon abinci. Laifin wanda aka azabtar ya zare labaran biyu. "Lazy Micks" yana ba da taimako a cikin 1847 ko "Covidiots" yin rigakafin rigakafi a cikin 2021. Sakamakon ya kasance yunwa ba kawai na abinci ko motsi ba, amma na mutunci.
A zurfafa zurfafa, kuma yawan ƴancin da ake kashewa ya ɗaure waɗannan labarun sosai. Yunwar Irish ta kwace haƙƙin abinci da ƙasa. Manoman da suka yi noman gona tun zamanin da, sun tsinci kansu a jigilar su kamar fulawa, gidajensu sun kona don hana masu zaman banza. Dokokin Biritaniya kamar Dokar Canjin Dokokin Talakawa ta 1838 sun ba da taimako ta hanyar gidajen aiki waɗanda suka raba iyalai, duk don tilasta sake fasalin ɗabi'a akan "rago." Maimaita wannan gaba: Covid ya ba da umarni ga tarurruka na ruhaniya, jinin rai na imani da zumunci. Majami'u sun wofince, hidimar Ista ba ta cika ba, kuma an ci tarar firistoci saboda gabatar da ibada ta ƙarshe. Magana? Manta shi. Dandali ya tursasa likitocin tiyata da masana kididdiga waɗanda suka yi nuni ga taɓawar Sweden ko kuma Babban Sanarwar Barrington kira don mayar da hankali kariya. 'Yancin kai ya rikiɗe zuwa gata ga masu yarda, tare da ƙa'idodin yin amfani da ƙimar yarda kamar wasu dystopian.
Ba ni ne farkon wanda ya fara yin wannan haɗin gwiwa ba. Rubuce-rubuce a tsayin daka, a cikin Maris 2021, Kristina Garvin da kyar ya yi alaƙa iri ɗaya. A gunta, ta bayyana ra'ayin Irish game da yunwa kamar yadda ake tsarkake kabilanci. Masu sa ido na zamani kuma sun fahimci cewa matakan kulle-kullen Covid-19 na duniya wani bangare ne mafi girma "babban sake saiti” an ƙera shi don maido da tsarin duniya zuwa tsarin da ya fi dacewa da tsarin duniya.
Nisantar duk abin shine katuwar hanji. Masana tarihi sun faɗi abin da wataƙila ya kasance a Ireland: dakatar da fitar da kayayyaki zuwa waje, tara hatsi a cikin gida, saka hannun jari a bambancin amfanin gona shekaru baya. Barnar ta afkawa Belgium ma, amma mutuwar a can ta kai dubunnan, ba miliyoyi ba, saboda kulawar hankali. Ga Covid, bayanan suna tara bayan mutuwa. Lockdowns ya ceci rayuka kaɗan, bisa ga samfuran na Oxford, amma rugujewar sarƙoƙin wadatar kayayyaki, kisan kai, da bashi wanda tsararraki masu zuwa za su ɗauka. Makarantun Sweden sun kasance a buɗe, yaransu ba su da lafiya; Tekun rairayin bakin teku na Florida sun jawo taron jama'a, masu lankwasa ba su fi ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfe na New York ba. Zabi yayi aiki inda tilastawa ya lalace.
Waƙar O'Connor ta ƙare akan bayanin fushin da aka gada, irin wanda ke daɗaɗawa ga tsararraki. "Dole ne mu koyi son juna," in ji ta, amma da farko, la'akari da masu gine-gine. Yunwar Irish ta haifar da ƴan ƙasashen waje waɗanda suka haifar da juyin juya hali da waƙoƙin ƙin yarda. Makullin Covid? Suna haifar da tawaye mai natsuwa, kuri'a ɗaya a lokaci guda, yayin da iyaye ke kokawa da rashin ilimi, membobin aikin soja. yi yaƙi don sake dawowa, kuma ma’aikata suna kokarin murmurewa daga sana’o’in da barasa ya lalata. Duk waɗannan misalan suna tunatar da mu: barazanar gaske ce, amma haka juriya. Lokacin da jihohi suka shiga a matsayin masu gadi, ba kawai suna sarrafa haɗari ba amma suna haifar da lalacewa.
Darasi mai sauki ne. Amince mutane da rayuwarsu, zabinsu, al'ummarsu. Gwamnatoci suna da nauyin da ya rataya a wuyansu ga jama'arsu, kuma ba sa cikin su. Bari rikice-rikice su koyar da tawali'u, ba hubris ba. In ba haka ba, cutar ta gaba za ta same mu kamar gaggauwa.
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