Sunan Robert Kadlec na iya nufin kome ba a gare ku, amma duk wanda ya kalli Stanley Kubrick's Cold War zamanin ƙwararrun ƙwararru. Karatun Dr da sauri zai fahimci wanene wannan mutumin.
Kanar Kadlec shine Janar Ripper na War on Microbes. Ba ƙaramin abin mamaki ba ne cewa Hukumar Biodefense da Kadlec ta kafa a cikin 2014 tana samun tallafi daga Cibiyar Hudson, wacce Herman Kahn, ya kafa ta. Rand Corporation yakin gamer. Ka'idar Kahn cewa za a iya dakatar da yakin nukiliya idan Tarayyar Soviet ta yi imanin cewa Amurka na da karfin yajin aiki na biyu shine abin da ya sa Kubrick Dr Strangelove hali da kuma fim din.
Kadlec ya fara aikinsa a matsayin likitan Sojan Sama kafin ya karkata zuwa duniyar makamai masu rai a lokacin yakin Gulf na farko na 1990-91. Ya zama manazarcin leken asiri na rundunar hadin gwiwa ta musamman ta Amurka (JSOC) akan makamai masu guba da kwayoyin. Daga baya ya zama memba na tawagar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke binciken makamai a Iraki karkashin jagorancin Dr David Kelly. wanda aka tsinci gawarsa a shekarar 2003.
Kadlec ya kasance daga baya (2014) ya gaya wa Kwamitin Majalisar Wakilai game da Tsaron Cikin Gida cewa 'yayin da Amurka ta yi nasara a 1991, girman da girman shirin makamai masu linzami na Iraki ya kasance mai ban sha'awa duk da tsarin dubawa da sa ido mafi mahimmanci wanda Kwamitin Musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNSCOM) ya dauka da aiwatarwa.'
Ba a taba samun wata kwakkwarar hujja da ke nuna cewa Iraki na da makamai masu guba ba, amma shaida a 1995 daga wanda ya sauya sheka, surukin Saddam Hussein, Kanar Janar Hussein Kamel Hassan al-Majid, bayanan sirri wanda daga baya ya kasance. an tantance shi azaman iyakanceccen abun ciki da ƙima, sun kiyaye imanin Kadlec da sauran su cewa sun wanzu, yana ba da hujjar yakin Iraki na 2003 wanda ya kawar da Hussein daga mulki.
Babu shakka an ƙarfafa wannan imani a wani ɓangare domin a cikin 1980s Sashen Fasaha da Kimiyya na Iraqi ya sayi samfurori na nau'in cutar anthrax da masu binciken yaki na Amurka suka kirkira a Fort Detrick, daga American Type Culture Collection, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta a Manassas, Virginia. wanda ke ba da samfuran ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta don nazarin kimiyya. (Wataƙila rashin tabbataccen shaida ya ƙarfafa maimakon rage wannan imani ga tsananin barazanar.)
Tsakanin 1993-96 Kadlec ya yi aiki a Wakilin Amurka zuwa Yarjejeniyar Makamai Na Halittu. An tsara tunaninsa game da biowarfare a cikin gudummawar da ya bayar ga littafin Kwalejin Yaƙin Sama na 1995 mai suna Filin Yaƙin Gaba.
A cikinsa ya yi iƙirarin cewa makaman nukiliya su ne bama-baman nukiliya na ƙasashen matalauta: ana iya yin su cikin arha da sauƙi a cikin wurare tare da wasu dalilai na halal, ba a iya gani kuma, idan aka yi iska, za a iya yada su a wurare masu faɗi ta hanyar amfani da kurar amfanin gona. Maganarsa ita ce ta musamman sun ba da yuwuwar 'rashin yarda' ga masu laifi saboda ana iya kuskuren abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan cututtukan da ke faruwa a zahiri. Damuwarsa ta musamman ita ce, alluran rigakafin, waɗanda ke da takamaiman abin da suke karewa, suna ɗaukar shekaru 10 zuwa 15 don haɓakawa.
Hanyar shawo kan matsala mujallar ya ba da rahoto game da muradin sojojin Amurka na allurar rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta don sa sojoji su zama 'kare ga duk sanannun ƙwayoyin cuta' a cikin 1996. Kamar dai wannan bai isa ba na Akwatin Pandora mai buri, ya kuma ba da rahoton sha'awar soji na iya kai hari ga shugabannin abokan gaba ta hanyar amfani da kwayoyin halittar super pathogens 'don haka zaɓaɓɓu a cikin halayensu suna iya kai hari ga takamaiman mutane, tabbatar da asalinsu ta hanyar jerin DNA.'
Nan da nan bayan 9/11 a 2001 Kadlec ya zama mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Sakataren Tsaro Donald Rumsfeld kuma daga baya ya nada shi Daraktan Manufofin Biosecurity a Sashen Tsaron Cikin Gida na Shugaba George W Bush, inda ya tsara wata takarda mai suna National Biodefense Policy for the 21st Karni. Wannan, a cikin Afrilu 2004. ya zama Dokar Shugaban Kasa ta Tsaron Gida 10. Kadlec ya rubuta cewa Amurka 'za ta ci gaba da yin amfani da duk hanyoyin da suka wajaba don yin rigakafi, kariya, da rage hare-haren makamai masu guba da ake kai wa kasarmu ta haihuwa da kuma muradunmu na duniya.'
Da yake magana game da bukatuwar Tsarin Tsaron Halittu na Gida, Shugaba GW Bush ya ce: 'Masu dauke da kwalba guda na kwayoyin halitta, kananan kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, ko kasawa, na iya samun ikon yin barazana ga manyan kasashe, da barazana ga zaman lafiya a duniya. Amurka, da daukacin duniya masu wayewa, za su fuskanci wannan barazana shekaru da dama masu zuwa. Dole ne mu fuskanci hatsarin tare da bude idanu, da manufa mara kyau.'
Musamman sabunta Kadlec na 2018 na wannan manufar ya ci gaba sosai. Ya bayyana babban niyyar yin amfani da tsarin Amurka tinkarar makaman kare-dangi ga duk barkewar cututtuka, wanda ke faruwa a zahiri ko akasin haka.
Komawa zuwa 2005, wannan ita ce shekarar da aka ga Kadlec yana halarta Taro na Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa akan Murar Cutar Kwalara. Wannan ya ta'allaka ne kan imanin hukumomin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na Amurka cewa sake bullar cutar mura mai yawan mace-mace abu ne da babu makawa kuma yana yin babbar barazana ga bil'adama. Saboda mura yana saurin canzawa kuma ba yakan zama mai kisa sosai, ya samar da kyakkyawan tsarin bincike don dalilai na tsaro, ban da wani kayan aiki mai fa'ida don ciyar da manufofin gaba. Mawallafin Kwalejin Imperial College London Neil Ferguson ya gaya wa taron taron cewa kamuwa da cuta yana buƙatar "matsayin haɗin kai na kasa da kasa - mai yiwuwa tare da ƙungiyoyi a ƙasa suna neman shari'o'i," yadda ya kamata ya shimfiɗa harsashi don "dukkanin da ake bukata" kar a tsaya a kan iyakar Amurka.
Duk da cewa cutar ta mura ta 1918 da farko an ce cutar murar aladu ta H1N1 ce ta haifar da ita, a yau Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Amurka (CDC) ta ce ta haifar da ita. 'H1N1 tare da kwayoyin halitta na asalin Avian.' Wannan ya dogara ne akan masu binciken Sojojin Amurka wanda ya yi ikirarin a 1999 sun yi cikakken jerin 'Influenza Mutanen Espanya' (ta amfani da PCR) daga samfuran autopsy da aka ɗauka a cikin 1918 da kuma samfurin da aka samo daga wanda aka binne a cikin permafrost tun 1918. Sun ce cutar ta fi kusanci da mura ta avian fiye da kowane nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa.
An buga samfurin Ferguson game da cutar mura a cikin watan Agustan 2005, yana mai iƙirarin cewa 'idan aka ɗauki matakin da aka yi niyya cikin mahimmin taga na makonni uku, to cutar za ta iya iyakance ga mutane ƙasa da 100 a cikin watanni biyu,' amma idan ba a bincika ba. har miliyan 200 na iya mutuwa. wannan shi ne daya ne daga cikin hasashensa da ba zai yuwu ba kuma ba daidai ba.
An yi iƙirarin cewa idan har murar tsuntsaye ta rikide zuwa saurin kamuwa da mutane, adadin mace-macen zai kai fiye da kashi 50 cikin ɗari. Murar tsuntsaye, wacce ta fara bayyana a cikin manyan garken kiwon kaji na kasuwanci a Thailand, ta bayyana ba da jimawa ba a daidai lokacin da kokarin gudun fanfalaki na tsawon shekaru 8 don ganin Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ta WHO ta amince da muhimman gyare-gyare ga Dokokin Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya da ke zuwa karshe.
Muhimmancin waɗannan gyare-gyaren da aka amince da su a ƙarshe a shekara ta 2005, shine sun haɗa da wani sabon tanadi don baiwa Darakta Janar damar ayyana gaggawar Lafiyar Jama'a ta Duniya (PHEIC) bisa shawarar kwamitin gaggawa na WHO. Wannan ya yi kama da tanadin Lafiyar Jama'a na Gaggawa da aka ƙara zuwa dokar lafiyar jama'a ta Amurka a cikin 1983. WHO ta ayyana Covid a matsayin PHIEC a ranar 30 ga Janairu, 2020.
Daga shekarar 2003 zuwa 2007, mutane 216 ne kawai suka mutu sakamakon kamuwa da murar tsuntsaye. Barazana da adadin mace-macen kanun labarai da alama sun yi yawa. Dokta Nguyen Tuong Van na Cibiyar Bincike ta Hanoi ta Hanoi, wanda ya yi jinyar wasu mutanen da suka kamu da murar tsuntsaye a lokacin barkewar 2004 ya ce, 'Yawancin mutanen da suka mutu sakamakon muradin tsuntsaye matalauta ne kuma ba a cikin yanayin mafi kyawun jiki tun farko.'
Takardar Jeremy Farrar ta 2004 akan barkewar cutar Vietnam ta ce saurin gwajin antigen ba shi da “mafi hankali fiye da PCR don gano cutar mura H5N1.' An bai wa marasa lafiya magungunan rigakafi, musamman Tamiflu, wanda Kimiyyar Gileyad ta haɓaka. wani kamfani karkashin jagorancin Donald Rumsfeld, kuma kusan dukkansu suna da iskar injuna, wanda da kansa ke kara yawan mace-mace. Wataƙila Tamiflu ya kasance wani ɓangare na matsalar. Kamar yadda nazarin kwanan nan na Tamiflu ya ƙare: 'Hadaddiyar giyar firgita ta bala'i, farfagandar talla, da rashin da'a na kimiyya sun juya sabon magani tare da ingantaccen inganci kawai ya zama blockbuster. Ya bayyana cewa ma'auni masu yawa suna dubawa da ma'auni ya ba da hanya yayin da kimiyya ta yi hasarar fifikonsa kuma masana'antar harhada magunguna ta rasa lokaci wajen cin gajiyar ta.'
Rahoton WHO na 2005 Murar Avian: Tantance barazanar cutar ita kanta tana yin ban sha'awa, kuma lokaci-lokaci ba a yarda da karatu ba. Bisa ga wannan asusun, mura na tsuntsu 'masu cutarwa', kamar yadda aka saba bayyana, ana yada shi ta hanyar asymptomaticly ta hanyar tsuntsayen daji ('yan ta'addar halittu na iska zuwa hanyar tunanin Kadlec) zuwa ƙananan garkunan gida masu zaman kansu waɗanda iyalan yankunan karkara ke ajiye a Asiya, kuma waɗannan tsuntsaye suna yada shi ga mutane. Ainihin matsalar a cewar karshen kasuwanci na rahoton ita ce cutar murar tsuntsaye ta H5N1 tana da 'mummunan cututtuka' har ta kai ga kashe embryos kajin da ake amfani da su wajen kera maganin mura. Wannan ya sa gano sabbin hanyoyin kera su ya zama abin kyawawa. Ko da mafi kyau idan waɗannan sababbin hanyoyin za su iya samar da ƙarin rigakafi, da sauri.
Wani rikice-rikice, Dr Jesse Goodman na FDA ya gaya wa taron NAS, ya kasuwanni. 'Kasuwanci - wato buƙatu da tallace-tallace - su ne manyan direbobin masana'antu. Babu wanda zai gina masana'antu kawai don yiwuwar barkewar cutar,' in ji shi.
WHO ta yi ya kira taro a watan Nuwamba 2004 tare da dukkan manyan masana'antun rigakafin rigakafi don gano hanyoyin da masana'antu, hukumomi, gwamnatoci, da WHO za su iya hanzarta haɓaka rigakafin cututtukan cututtukan da za a iya yi cikin sauri da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu. An yi iƙirarin cewa yawan amfani da alluran rigakafin yanayi zai sa alluran su kasance masu amfani da kasuwanci kuma sakamakon haɓaka ƙarfin samarwa zai baiwa masana'antun damar haifar da samar da nau'ikan cututtukan cututtuka a duk lokacin da ya kamata a buƙaci su.
Sanata Bill Frist, shugaban masu rinjaye na Majalisar Dattijai na Republican a lokacin Kadlec shine jagoran ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ta'addanci a cikin gwamnatin Bush Jr, cike da ƙishirwa ya yi daidai da tunanin Kadlec a WEF na 2005 a Davos, yana mai cewa: 'Babban barazanar wanzuwar da muke da ita a duniya a yau ita ce ilimin halitta. Me yasa? Domin ba kamar kowace barazana ba tana da karfin firgita da gurgujewa ta zama duniya.' Ya kuma ce: 'Muna bukatar mu yi wani abu da ko da dwarfs da Manhattan Project,' sunan ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcen Amurka don kera makamin nukiliya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na biyu.
An rubuta shi daga TCW
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Paula Jardine marubuciya/mai bincike ce wacce ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin shari'a a ULaw. Tana da digiri na tarihi daga Jami'ar Toronto da kuma digiri na aikin jarida daga Jami'ar King's College a Halifax, Nova Scotia.
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