"Hanyar da 'yan ƙasa damar yin tafiye-tafiye alama ce ta 'yan sanda," masanin shari'a Eugene Kontorovich. tabbatar a 2021. "Cutar cututtuka za ta kasance tare da mu koyaushe. Ba zai zama uzuri ba don baiwa gwamnatin tarayya katanga don sarrafa rayuwar 'yan kasa." Amma duk da haka gwamnatin Amurka ta bi wannan map blanche tare da yin watsi da haƙƙin tafiye-tafiye da ƙasar ta daɗe. Umurnin zartarwa sun sanya 'yan ƙasa a tsare a gida yayin da cutar ta zama hujjar ƙwace 'yancin ɗan adam. Gwamnonin sun yi alfahari da daure mazaunan su saboda yawo a waje, kungiyar Leken asiri ta sanya dokar ta-baci a kan wanda zai iya ci gaba da aiki, yara sun zauna a gida na tsawon watanni, kuma tsofaffi sun mutu su kadai.
Tun daga ranar 16 ga Maris, 2020, kusan kowace jiha ta sanya umarnin “zauna-gida”, tare da yin barazanar dauri ga wanda bai bi ba. Jami’an yankin sun yi kira ga ‘yan sanda da su tattara wadanda suka karya dokarsu, kuma sun bukaci jami’an tsaron yankin su sanya ido kan taron dangi. Ba a keɓance wannan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan mashahuran siyasa kamar Andrew Cuomo ko Gavin Newsom ba. Zato masu matsakaicin matsayi kamar Larry Hogan na Maryland sun fitar da yunƙurin ikonsu.
A fili wannan yunƙurin ya keta ƴancin Amurkawa. Tun lokacin yakin basasa, Kotun Koli ta amince da 'yancin yin tafiya a matsayin 'yanci na tsarin mulki wanda ba zai iya fita daga haramcin bautar na goma sha uku na Kwaskwarima. "Haƙƙin tafiye-tafiye wani ɓangare ne na 'yanci' wanda ba za a iya hana ɗan ƙasa ba tare da bin doka da oda a ƙarƙashin Kwaskwari na biyar," Kotun Koli aka gudanar a cikin 1958. "'Yancin motsi yana da tushe a cikin tsarinmu na dabi'u."
Korar da Shugaba Franklin D. Roosevelt ya yi wa 'yan Japan-Amurka a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu ya kasance mafi shaharar take hakkin hakki tun 1865. Ko da yake Korematsu v. Amurka (1944) ya goyi bayan FDR's Executive Order 9066, shawarar daga baya ta shiga M v v. Ferguson da kuma Dred Scott a cikin "anti-canon" na fikihu na Amurka. Babban Alkali Roberts rubuta a 2018, "Korematsu Ba daidai ba ne a ranar da aka yanke hukunci, an soke shi a kotun tarihi kuma - a bayyane - ba shi da wani matsayi a cikin doka a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki."
Amma komai ya canza a ranar 19 ga Maris, 2020, lokacin da California ta zama jiha ta farko da ta ba da odar zama a gida. Ya soke shekaru aru-aru na dokar Anglo-Amurka da al'adar annoba tare da bayyana aiwatar da 'yan sandan da Amurka ta dade tana adawa da ita.
Martanin da ba a taba yin irinsa ba
Daga juyin juya halin Amurka zuwa 2020, annoba da annoba sun shafi kowane babban birni na Amurka ba tare da gwamnati ta soke haƙƙin tafiye-tafiye ba. Kwayar cuta ta dakatar da Sojojin Nahiyar daga daukar Quebec a 1775. John Adams rubuta ga matarsa, “Cutar ta fi mutanen Britaniya, Kanada, da Indiyawa muni sau goma.” Wani ruwan sama da ba a saba gani ba a cikin 1780 ya haifar da bullar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro ga sojoji a Virginia. "Cutar, musamman zazzabin cizon sauro, ta rage karfin gwagwarmayar Burtaniya yadda ya kamata fiye da harsashin kishin kasa," ya rubuta masanin tarihi Peter McCandless. Zazzabin rawaya buga Philadelphia a 1793 kuma ya kashe kashi goma cikin dari na yawan jama'ar birnin. Duk matakan kiyayewa sun kasance na son rai, kuma babu wani yunƙuri na keɓe masu lafiya.
Hijira tsakanin nahiyoyi ya haifar da jerin cututtukan kwalara a cikin 19th karni, da kuma sakamakon kokarin tsaftace muhalli na gwamnati hade kalmar "lafin lafiyar jama'a." Murar Spain ta kai Amurka bayan yakin duniya na daya kuma ta kashe Amurkawa kusan 675,000.
Bayan zuwan maganin rigakafi, annoba ci gaba da nisa kasa m sakamako. A cikin 1949, cutar shan inna ta bazu cikin sauri a cikin Amurka. A shekara ta 1952, an sami rahoton bullar cutar guda 57,000, wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane 3,000 da kuma fiye da 20,000 na gurguzu. Jeffrey Tucker ne ya rubuta Liberty ko Lockdown:
"Ko da yake babu magani, kuma babu maganin alurar riga kafi, akwai lokaci mai tsawo kafin bayyanar cututtuka su bayyana kansu, kuma yayin da akwai rikice-rikice game da yadda ake yada shi, tunanin kulle wata ƙasa, al'umma, ko duniya ba shi da tunani.
A cikin 1957, cutar mura ta Asiya ta isa Amurka. Ya kashe sama da mutane miliyan daya a duniya kuma ya kasance mai muni musamman ga tsofaffi da masu fama da cututtuka. The New York Times garga, "Bari mu kasance da sanyin gwiwa game da mura na Asiya yayin da kididdiga kan yaduwar cutar da cutar ta fara taruwa."
Kuma al'ummar ta kasance cikin sanyin gwiwa. Gundumomi sun kare masu rauni, amma gwamnatin Eisenhower ba ta taɓa buƙatar yin biyayya daga ɗan ƙasa ba. Shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun kasance keɓe, na son rai, da na ɗan lokaci. Babu dokar kulle-kulle ko kama gida. Gwamnati ba ta tilasta wa mutane masu lafiya shiga gidajensu ko rufe kasuwancinsu ba. 'Yan sanda ba su haramta zirga-zirga ba ko kuma kafa dokar hana fita. Gwamnonin ba su umarci jami'an tsaro da su rufe taron biki ba, haka kuma ba su yi barazanar daure 'yan kasar ba idan suka keta umarnin zama a gida.
Hukuncin da Kotun ta yanke a shekarar 1958 da ke tabbatar da ‘yancin yin tafiya cikin ‘yanci’ ya zo ne ‘yan watanni bayan barkewar cutar mura ta 1957 da kuma kasa da shekaru goma bayan barkewar cutar shan inna. Kusan shekaru 250, Amurka ta yi tsayayya da “alamar ‘yan sanda,” tana riƙe da ’yancin yin tafiye-tafiye duk da barazanar lafiyar jama’a da ke da alaƙa da mura, kwalara, ƙanƙara, da ƙari.
"'Yancin motsi" ya kasance na asali a cikin "shirin dabi'u" na al'umma har sai da tsarin kiwon lafiyar jama'a da shugabannin siyasar Amurka sun hambarar da abin da ya faru a cikin Maris 2020. An sake saki daga matsalolin da suka gabata, 'yan siyasa da masu mulki sun yi farin ciki da su. map blanche don sarrafa rayuwar 'yan kasa. Umarnin kama gidan azzalumi ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, kuma ’yancin tsarin mulki ya ɓace daga Jamhuriyar.
An kama gidan na 2020
Bayan taron manema labarai na Trump na ranar 16 ga Maris, 'yancin walwala ba ya kasance "mafi mahimmanci a cikin tsarin kimar al'umma." An yi watsi da abin da ya daɗe a shari'a ba zato ba tsammani, kamar yadda tarin hikimar darussa daga ƙarni na martani na annoba.
Kwanaki uku bayan haka, CISA ta raba ƙasar zuwa sassa masu mahimmanci da marasa mahimmanci, suna ba da izinin 'yanci ga kafofin watsa labarai, fasaha, da manyan wuraren kasuwanci amma sanya zalunci ga ƙungiyoyi masu ƙarancin ƙarfi kamar sanduna, gidajen abinci, majami'u, da gyms. Sa'o'i bayan fitar da memo na CISA, California ta zama jiha ta farko da ta ba da odar "zauna-a-gida". Gwamna Newsom hukunci, "Na umurci duk mutanen da ke zaune a Jihar California da su zauna a gida ko a wurin zama sai dai idan ana buƙata don ci gaba da gudanar da ayyuka na sassan samar da ababen more rayuwa na tarayya."
Zalunci ya mamaye Jihar Golden. Jami'an tsaro da gaggawa sun haramta amfani da 'yancin ɗan adam na asali. "Kwanakin ƙoƙarin samun bin son rai ya ƙare da gaske," in ji Sheriff County Sheriff Bill Gore a cikin Afrilu 2020. "Saƙon zai tafi ga duk lafiyar jama'a a nan cikin gundumar cewa za mu fara ba da bayanan karya dokar jama'a da kuma umarnin zartarwa na gwamna."
Wani bincike na labarai daga 2020 ya nuna jimillar kawar da 'yanci a California; 'yan sanda sa hannun hannu 'yan kasa suna hawan igiyar ruwa kadai. Santa Monica yayi barazanar lafiya duk wanda ya fita waje zuwa ramin. Wani jirgin ruwa ya fuskanci watanni shida a gidan yari domin shiga Tekun Pasifik. 'Yan sandan Los Angeles kama mazauna don halartar "super-spreader events."
Newsom ba shi kaɗai ba ne a cikin fiat ɗinsa mai ban sha'awa. A New Jersey, an gurfanar da 'yan sanda iyaye masu "haɗarin yara" don kawo 'ya'yansu zuwa taron jama'a, an ci tarar ango da ango don yin bukukuwan aure, kuma an kama wani mutum don jagorantar ajin motsa jiki na waje. A Maryland, Gwamnan Republican Larry Hogan ƙyacẽwar mutanen da ke da shekara guda a gidan yari idan sun keta umarninsa na zama a gida. Rundunar 'yan sanda ta Hogan kama wadanda ba su bayar da "ingantaccen dalili" na barin gidajensu ba. Hawaii ta ƙirƙira "masu bincike" zuwa kama da tara mutane wanda ya karya dokar zaman gida a jihar. 'Yan sanda na Rhode Island tuhumar maza daga Massachusetts don tuƙi zuwa cikin jihar don yin wasan golf. 'Yan sanda Delaware kama Mutane 12 da suka karya dokar "taron gaggawa" ta jihar ta takaita taro ga mutane 10. Connecticut kama masu gidan abinci don ba da izinin rawa. Idaho 'yan sanda sun kama mace don tafiya a wurin shakatawa na jama'a da tsare uwa domin kai 'ya'yanta filin wasa. A duk fadin kasar, shugabanni daure filayen wasa, kama kungiyoyin zaune a waje, yashi aka zuba a cikin skateparks, yanke ƙasa wasan kwando, da zanga-zangar aikata laifi.
A Colorado, an kama wani tsohon dan sanda kuma an daure shi da hannu saboda yin wasan kwallon raga da 'yarsa 'yar shekara shida a wani filin wasan kwallon kwando. Mahaifin ya yi tunani a kan abin da lamarin ya faru ga 'yarsa. "Ta koyi cewa 'yancin da tsarin mulki ya ba mu abu ne da ya cancanci tsayawa a kai," ya ce. "Ta sami shaidar cin zarafin jama'a."
Yayin da kamawar na iya zama kamar keɓantacce, wani bangare ne na yaƙin neman zaɓe na neman mika kai daga 'yan ƙasa. Su ne ke da alhakin isar da sako ga jama'a: Sallama ga mulki, kar a yi tambayoyi, kar a bar gidan. Kalli Netflix, tsabar kudi rajistan kuzarin ku, kar ku yi tsayayya. Tsaya a ciki. Ajiye Rayuka Tuna ciki. Yi shiru. Hana fita waje.
Lockdowns sun kwace wa Amurkawa haƙƙinsu na Farko na gyare-gyare na taro da zanga-zanga. A Hawaii, Sashen 'yan sanda na Honolulu bayar da ambato masu laifi a kan masu zanga-zangar kulle-kulle saboda karya dokar da Gwamna David Ige ya yi kan taron jama'a. A Arewacin Carolina, wani dan sanda da ya rufe fuska ya kama shugaban "Sake bude NC" saboda keta dokar "zama-a-gida."
"Ina jin an cire min hakki na gaba daya," wani mai zanga-zanga a North Carolina bayyana. "Duniyar da nake rainon 'ya'yana a cikinta ta canza gaba daya."
A Cincinnati, Ohio, 'yan sanda sun kama wani mutum mai shekaru 25 da fita waje (wanda ya saba wa umarnin zaman-gida na gwamna) da sanya bidiyo a Instagram yana cewa "Ba mu ba da wani bayani game da coronavirus ba." A Arewacin Carolina, 'yan sanda kama masu zanga-zangar zubar da ciki da suka taru a waje wanda ya saba wa dokar jihar.
Maryland, wadda ake yi wa lakabi da "Jahar 'Yanci" saboda adawarta ga yunkurin haramtawa, da sauri ta juya zuwa son zuciya. Larry Hogan, gwamnan Republican mai juyi, ya ba da tsauraran umarnin zama a gida tare da karfafa gwiwar 'yan sanda da su kama wadanda suka yi amfani da haƙƙinsu na yin motsi. Lokacin da manema labarai suka yi tambaya game da rahotannin da aka kama Marylanders saboda keta umarnin kullewa, Hogan ya amsa, "Yana aika da sako mai girma," The saƙon ya fito fili: bi ko a daure shi. Ya kara da cewa "Ba mu wasa a kusa da juna."
A cikin Michigan, Gretchen Whitmer haramcin kamun kifi da kuma tuki motoci masu laifi zuwa wuraren da ba a yarda da su ba. 'Yan sandan jihar ta kama masu gidan abinci saboda rashin rufe kasuwancinsu da kuma daure wadanda suka bijirewa umarninta. "Manufar nan mai sauƙi ce: Zauna Gida," ta bayyana.
Kama gidan da aka yi a Michigan ya raba jami'an tsaro na jihar. "Menene ma'anar kamawa? Yana ɗauke da 'yancin nufinku, 'yancin ku na motsawa." ya ce Sheriff Dar Leaf na gundumar Michigan a watan Mayu 2020. "Kuma kamun da aka yi ba bisa ka'ida ba shine lokacin da kuka aikata ba bisa ka'ida ba, don haka lokacin da aka umarce ku zuwa gidanku, ana kama ku? Ee, ta ma'anar ku ne."
A cikin Afrilu, 'yan sanda na Detroit sun ba da ambato 730 da gargaɗi 1,000 ga 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka keta umarnin kama gidan Whitmer. Abokan siyasa na Whitmer, ciki har da Babban Lauyan Jiha, ya goyi bayan tauye 'yanci, amma wasu sun ci gaba da kin amincewarsu.
Sheriffs hudu daga arewacin Michigan sun fitar da wata sanarwa da ke ikirarin cewa Whitmer tana "wuce ikon zartarwa" tare da umarnin da ba bisa ka'ida ba. "Za mu yi la'akari da kowane lamari a matsayin mutum ɗaya kuma za mu yi amfani da hankali wajen tantance cin zarafi da ke bayyana," in ji su a cikin wata sanarwa. hadin gwiwar manema labarai. "Kowannenmu ya yi rantsuwar tabbatar da kare kundin tsarin mulkin Michigan, da kuma Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, da kuma tabbatar da cewa ba a keta haƙƙin da Allah ya ba ku ba. Mun yi imanin cewa mu ne layin ƙarshe na tsaro don kare 'yancin ku."
Haƙƙin haƙƙin tafiye-tafiye ya ci gaba har tsawon shekara. Fauci da CDC sun gargadi Amurkawa da kada su yi balaguro don Godiya. Gwamna Cuomo ya hana 'yan New York samun fiye da mutane goma a abincin hutunsu. Ya dage cewa jami’an tsaro suna tuhumar iyalai da abokan arziki wadanda suka saba wa ka’idar sa na son rai. Wasu 'yan sanda, duk da haka, ba su ji daɗin bin wannan umarnin ba. Sun yi korafin cewa hakan ya saba wa kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, kuma suna fargabar yadda ’yan kasar za su yi da gwamnati ta sanya dokar ta a dakunan cin abinci. "Ba za mu leƙa ta tagoginku ba ko ƙoƙarin shigar da kayanku don ƙidaya adadin mutanen da ke kan teburinku a ranar Godiya," wani Sheriff ya tabbatar wa mazauna yankin.
Cuomo ya fusata. Ya kira shakkun sheriffs na tilasta aiwatar da fiat dinsa "abin tsoro ga dimokiradiyya." Ya kai hari ga amincin su ga jihar da kuma hakkinsu na kalubalantar ikonsa wajen aiwatar da kulle-kulle a kan New Yorkers. "Yana da girman kai," nace. "Yana keta hakkin [su] tsarin mulki."
Mai girman kai, rashin tsarin mulki, da tsoratarwa ga dimokuradiyya. Kafin shekarar 2020, haka Amurkawa za su siffanta wani karamin azzalumi da ke neman haramta taron dangi. Amma duk abin da ya canza a cikin Maris, kuma Cuomo ya zama abin sha'awar kafofin watsa labarai game da martanin da ya yi game da kwayar cutar.
Sheriffs ya dage cewa shiga gidaje don ƙidaya adadin kakanni da ƴan uwan raba kayan zaki zai zama haram. "An tsara mu ta hanyar ka'idodin doka na martaninmu game da koke korafe ko a'a muna da lasisi da gata na shiga gidaje masu zaman kansu, bisa la'akari da sammaci, yarda ko yanayin da ya dace," Sheriff County Steuben James Allard ya ce a cikin wata sanarwa.
Cuomo, wanda ya ci lambar yabo ta Emmy Award na 2020 don fitowar talabijin na Covid, ya gyara rubutun sa wajen yin jawabi ga masu zabe. Ya shaida wa jama’a cewa su rika nuna soyayyar su ta hanyar sanya ‘yan uwansu su yi hutu su kadai. "Shawarata ta sirri ita ce ba ku da taron dangi - har ma na godiya," ya fadawa manema labarai. "Idan kuna son wani, yana da kyau kuma mafi aminci ku nisanci." Daga nan Cuomo ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai karbi bakuncin mahaifiyarsa da 'ya'yansa mata don cin abincin godiya, kodayake ya soke shirye-shiryensa a cikin koma bayan jama'a.
Jihohi da yawa, gami da makwabta New Jersey da Connecticut, sun ɗauki irin wannan jagororin don hutun, amma na'urar lafiyar jama'a ba ta gamsu ba. "Mun san cewa mutane na iya yin kurakurai a lokacin lokacin godiya," in ji mai ba da amsa na Fadar White House Deborah Birx a farkon watan Disamba. Ta ba da lacca ga waɗanda suka “taru” tare da wasu a lokacin hutun, “Kuna buƙatar ɗauka cewa kun kamu da cutar.” Wannan halin ya haifar da sabon yanayin dokar Covid da ke shiga Kirsimeti 2020.
A ƙarshe, manufofin sun kasance a rashin lafiyar jama'a. Sun kasa dakatar da yaduwar Covid, kuma yawan mace-macen da ba su da alaƙa da coronavirus ya karu. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken an kiyasta cewa matakan kulle-kullen Amurka sun ceci jimillar rayuka 4,000, kusan kashi goma na adadin Amurkawa da ke mutuwa kowace shekara daga mura. Sabanin haka, akwai 100,000 da ba na Covid “mutuwar mace-mace” a kowace shekara a cikin 2020 da 2021 a cewar CDC. Mutuwar matasa masu girma sun kai kashi 27% sama da yanayin tarihi saboda karuwar hatsarori, wuce gona da iri, da kisan kai.
Bayan raguwa a cikin 2018 da 2019, yawan kashe kansa na matasa ya karu a cikin 2020 da 2021. Kisan kai ya karu da kashi 56% a Amurkawa masu shekaru 10 zuwa 14 da 44% a cikin shekaru 15 zuwa 19. A halin yanzu, yawancin mutuwar Covid ya faru ne a Amurkawa wadanda suke riga sama da shekarun rayuwa.
Ƙoƙarin kulle-kulle ba kawai banza ba ne - sun yi barna kuma ba su da fa'ida. Nazarin 2023 daga masu binciken Johns Hopkins guda uku samu: "Kimiyyar kulle-kulle a bayyane yake, bayanan suna cikin: rayukan da aka ceto sun ragu a cikin guga idan aka kwatanta da tsadar farashin da aka sanya." Gwamnoni da ma'aikatan gwamnati sun kori 'yancin ɗan adam a cikin kulle-kullen, kuma suna da alhakin mutuwar ɗaruruwan dubunnan mutane ba tare da bata lokaci ba.
Fahimtar hakan baya buƙatar fa'idar hangen nesa. Shari'ar Kotun Koli ba ta da wata ma'ana wajen kare 'yancin tafiye-tafiye na 'yan kasa. Tsawon shekaru 200, gwamnati ta kiyaye 'yancin Amurka duk da ɗimbin tsare-tsaren kiwon lafiyar jama'a.
Bugu da ari, akwai isassun gargaɗin littattafan likitanci game da kulle-kulle kafin Maris 2020. A cikin 2019, WHO gargadi cewa kulle-kulle ba su da tasiri kuma ba su da kyau. A cikin Janairu 2020, Dr. Howard Markel rubuta a cikin Washington Post cewa kama gidan da keɓe masu yawan jama'a ba zai ƙunshi cutar ba kuma zai sami babban tasiri na al'umma. Kwanaki goma kafin odar zaman-gida ta farko na California, masana kimiyyar lafiyar jama'a 800 gargadi a kan kulle-kulle da keɓewa a cikin buɗaɗɗen wasiƙa.
A watan Afrilun 2020, a binciken ya bayyana cewa "cikakkiyar manufofin kulle-kulle a cikin kasashen Yammacin Turai ba su da wata shaida ta tasiri kan cutar ta Covid-19." Masanin kimiyya Mark Changizi rubuta a lokacin, "Lockdowns ba ma'auni na hankali ba ne. An yi su ne saboda tsoro."
"Kusan rashin sanin tasirin tasirin 'yancin ɗan adam, kamar sanarwar gaggawa, dakatar da haƙƙin, tsare gida, rashin aikin yi da rufe kasuwancin wani abu ne kawai gwamnatocin dimokuradiyya ke yi," in ji shi. "Babu wani tarihin tarihi don sanya dukkan jama'a masu lafiya cikin 'keɓe.'" Watan mai zuwa, binciken ya gano cewa umarnin zama a gida zai "lalata aƙalla sau bakwai na rayuwar ɗan adam" fiye da yadda za su yi ceto.
Ya zama "tushen kimiyya" don nisantar da jama'a daga Laura Glass, yarinya yar shekara sha hudu daga New Mexico wanda ya gabatar da aikin makaranta wanda ya bayar da hujjar cewa raba jama'a yana da tasiri kamar maganin rigakafi. Amma a waje da ƙaramin baje kolin kimiyya, gwajin ya kasance bala'i.
Ya zuwa Satumba 2020, gazawar kulle-kullen ya bayyana a fili, amma jihohi da yawa sun ci gaba da tafiya. Donald Luskin ya rubuta a cikin Wall Street Journal, "Watanni shida cikin barkewar cutar ta Covid-19, yanzu Amurka ta yi manyan gwaje-gwaje guda biyu a cikin lafiyar jama'a." Shi bayyana:
"Na farko, a cikin Maris da Afrilu, kulle-kullen tattalin arzikin don kama yaduwar cutar, na biyu kuma, tun tsakiyar watan Afrilu, sake buɗe tattalin arzikin. Sakamakon ya kasance a cikin Counterintuitive ko da yake yana iya yiwuwa, ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta nuna cewa kulle tattalin arzikin bai ƙunshi yaduwar cutar ba da sake buɗe shi bai haifar da kamuwa da cuta na biyu ba."
Yayin da masu rauni suka sha wahala, masu iko sun sami wadata. 'Yan siyasa sun sami ikon da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba a kan 'yan kasarsu. Kamfanoni da yawa kamar hamshakin mai ba da shawara McKinsey sun sami kwangilolin gwamnati masu fa'ida don aiwatar da mulkin zalunci. A cikin kwanaki 100 na farko na barkewar cutar, McKinsey ya tara fiye da dala miliyan 100 a cikin kwangiloli don ba da shawara ga jami'an gida, jihohi, da na tarayya a cikin su. amsa zuwa cutar. POLITICO ruwaito cewa Jared Kushner ya kawo "rukunin mashawartan McKinsey" don daukar nauyin "mafi mahimmancin kalubalen da ke fuskantar gwamnatin tarayya" a cikin Maris 2020.
California ta ba da dubun-dubatar daloli a cikin kwangiloli ba tare da izini ba ga McKinsey yayin bala'in, kamar yadda Illinois, Massachusetts, Ohio, New Jersey, New York, Virginia, Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, New Orleans, da St. Louis suka yi. A cikin Yuli 2020, ProPublica rubuta: "Ga manyan mashahuran masu ba da shawara na kula da kamfanoni a duniya, taimakawa wajen shawo kan cutar ya kasance abin alfahari. Ba a san abin da gwamnati ta samu ba."
Ajin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka na masu ba da shawara da ma'aikata sun yi girma sosai yayin da suke ƙara ƙarfinsu. Gwamnatin Covid ta ba da kuɗin harajin Amurkawa ga masu cin riba waɗanda suka aiwatar da zalunci da lalata da ta biyo baya. Waɗanda suka ci ribar sun sami jin daɗin saura daga farashin. Ƙaunar ƙuruciya ta haifar da ɓacin rai da ba za a iya misaltuwa a baya ba.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da kulle-kulle sun ci gaba har zuwa 2021, kuma tsarin mulkin Covid ya ci gaba da kawar da 'yanci. Wadanda ke da alhakin manufofin - ciki har da Debi Birx, Anthony Fauci, Joe Biden, da Donald Trump - sun ƙi amincewa da kuskure. Maimakon haka, suna nadamar rashin aiwatar da ƙarin matakan zalunci.
Sau biyu Sauƙaƙe - "Ku Tafi Na Zamani A Kan Shi"
"Ina fata lokacin da muka shiga cikin kulle-kulle, mun yi kama da Italiya," Dr. Deborah Birx ta fada wa kyamarori na talabijin a watan Agusta 2020, tana tsaye a waje a cikin abin rufe fuska. "Ba a ba wa mutane izinin fita daga gidajensu ba, kuma ba za su iya fitowa ba amma sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu don siyan kayan abinci… [su] dole ne su sami takaddun shaida da ke cewa an ba su izini."
Duk da kame-kamen da aka yi, da rufe makarantu, da kuma kawar da 'yanci, shugabannin Amurka sun koka da gazawarsu wajen aiwatar da mulkin kama-karya. Birx ta yi nadama cewa an ba wa Amurkawa izinin zuwa kantin kayan miya fiye da sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki goma sha huɗu, lokacin da ta nace zai taimaka. wargaza kwana.
A cikin tarihinta, daga baya ta yi alfahari cewa ta yi wa Dr. Ta yayi aiki tare da tawagar sadarwa ta fadar White House don toshe shi daga fitowar kafofin watsa labarai kuma ya nemi ya kore shi daga aikin Covid.
Gwamnatin Covid ta raba ra'ayoyin Birx cewa martani ga kwayar cutar ba ta da isasshen tsarin mulki. Peter Walker, babban abokin tarayya a McKinsey, ya nace cewa Sinawa sun cancanci "babban yabo" saboda martanin da suka yi game da kwayar. A cikin Afrilu 2020, ya ya bayyana a Fox News kuma ya bayar da hujjar cewa: "Ina tsammanin matakin da suka dauka, idan aka yi la'akari da girman kasar Sin da kuma yawan manyan biranen… shine ainihin abin da suke bukata don samun damar hana barkewar cutar ci gaba."
Mai watsa shiri Tucker Carlson ya amsa, "Me za ku ce ga iyalan wadanda suka mutu, yunwa ta kashe su kadai a cikin gidajensu, ko kuma mutanen da ke mamakin inda 'yan uwansu suka je bayan an cusa su cikin motocin 'yan sandan China?" Walker ya yarda cewa kowane mutuwa yana "bakin zuciya" amma ya yaba da kokarin China na yakar cutar. Kamar Birx, ya ce mafi yawan martanin da suka fi mayar da hankali ya fi dacewa da ƙarancin kulle-kullen Amurka, wanda ya kira "farawa a ƙarshen."
Jerome Adams, Babban Likitan Suga na Shugaba Trump, yana da irin wannan tunani a cikin 2022. "Ba mu taɓa kullewa ba," ya tweeted. Lokacin da masu suka suka ba da amsa da labarai daga shekarar 2020 da ke bayyana umarnin kulle-kullen, Adams ya kori, "Shin mun kulle kamar China?" Kamar Birx, ya dage cewa kullewar da ta dace zai buƙaci ko da ƙarancin 'yanci.
A cikin watan Agusta 2023, Adams ya rubuta cewa kulle-kulle da abin rufe fuska "suna da tasiri sosai," Posting Labari da ya ƙunshi 'yan ƙasa rufe bayan taken: "CORONAVIRUS: KA TSAYA A GIDA, KA CETO RAYUWA. Yanzu ya yi jayayya cewa kulle-kullen suna da tasiri, amma kuma yakamata su kasance masu tsauri.
Dr. Fauci ya kuma bayyana wadancan imanin. A cikin Oktoba 2022, ya kare matakinsa na kulle kasar, yana mai cewa ya taimaka "ceton rayuka." Ya yi nadamar cewa kokarin bai fi tsauri ba. cewa cewa yakamata gwamnati ta kasance "ta tsaurara matakan neman sanya abin rufe fuska."
Wannan ya yi daidai da maganganun Fauci na baya. A watan Agusta 2020, Fauci tare da rubuta labarin domin cell. “Likitan Amurka” ya yi hasashen rabuwar ɗan adam na dindindin, tsarin da kawai za a iya cimma ta hanyar tsarin mulkin kama-karya har ma da girman martanin Covid.
"Cutar cutar ta COVID-19 da ke ci gaba tana tunatar da mu cewa cunkoso a cikin gidaje da wuraren taron jama'a… da kuma motsin yanayin ɗan adam yana haifar da yaduwar cutar," Fauci ya rubuta. "Rayuwa cikin jituwa da yanayi zai buƙaci canje-canje a cikin halayen ɗan adam da kuma sauran sauye-sauye masu tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda za su ɗauki shekaru masu yawa don cimma: sake gina abubuwan more rayuwa na ɗan adam."
Canje-canje masu tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda za su ɗauki shekaru da yawa kafin a cimma: sake gina ababen more rayuwa na rayuwar ɗan adam. "Sake Gina" a hankali ya yarda cewa na'urorin kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun lalata abubuwan more rayuwa. Sun kasance sun ɓata ƴancin tsarin mulki da ƙa'idodin al'umma.
New York Times Marubuci Donald G. McNeil, wakilin Fauci akai-akai, ya bukaci kasar da ta dauki mulkin kama karya. a cikin ginshiƙinsa daga Fabrairu 28, 2020: "Don ɗaukar Coronavirus, Ku tafi na Tsakiya akansa." Ya rubuta, "Hanya ta tsakiya, wadda aka gada daga zamanin Mutuwar Baƙar fata, zalunci ce: Rufe kan iyakoki, keɓe jiragen ruwa, alƙalami da firgita 'yan ƙasa a cikin garuruwansu masu guba."
Alƙalami sun firgita 'yan ƙasa a cikin garuruwansu masu guba. Wannan ba posting bane kawai. McNeil yana son kasar ta aiwatar da mulkin kama-karya irin na Gabas don yakar Covid. A cikin musayar imel na sirri da Fauci, ya tabbatar da kiyayyarsa ga haƙƙin ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun mutane, yana mai kiran Amurkawa "aladu masu son kai" yayin da yake ɗaukaka martanin mai iko da kuma mika wuya a China ta Xi.
"Yawancin Sinawa da yawa sun nuna jarumtaka a fuskar cutar," McNeil ya aika wa Fauci imel. "A halin yanzu, a Amurka, mutane sukan zama kamar alade masu son kai kawai suna sha'awar ceton kansu." Fauci ya amsa, "Kuna yin wasu abubuwa masu kyau, Donald." McNeil daga baya ya rubuta a cikin New York Post, "Dole ne mu sami hanyoyin da za mu daina har ma da ɗaure likitocin da suka rubuta magungunan ƙarya."
A watan Oktoba 2020, Fauci tafada ga masu sauraro cewa ƙasar ta tafi Medieval a cikin martaninta. "Na ba da shawarar ga shugaban kasa cewa mu rufe kasar." Kamar McNeil, ya koka da cewa, Amurka ba ta aiwatar da karin matakan kama-karya kamar China ba. "Abin takaici, tun da a zahiri ba mu rufe gaba daya ba, yadda kasar Sin ta yi, yadda Koriya ta yi, yadda Taiwan ta yi, a zahiri mun ga yaduwa duk da cewa mun rufe," in ji shi, duk da cewa bai yi magana game da cututtukan da ke ci gaba da kamuwa da wasu kasashe ba.
Fauci ya bayyana a hankali ga farashin aiwatarwa canje-canje masu tsattsauran ra'ayi to sake gina ababen more rayuwa na rayuwar dan Adam. A cikin Afrilu 2021, "Likitan Amurka" ya bayyana a gaban wani karamin kwamiti na Majalisa sanye da abin rufe fuska. "Kwana goma sha biyar don rage yaduwar ya zama shekara guda na rashin 'yanci," Wakilin Jim Jordan yace kafin ya tambaya Fauci: "Wane ma'auni, waɗanne matakai, me zai faru kafin Amurkawa su sami ƙarin 'yanci?"
Fauci ya amsa, "Ba na kallon wannan a matsayin abin 'yanci." Waɗancan damuwar - gami da 'yancin Tsarin Mulki na Amirkawa - ba su da mahimmanci fiye da babban shirinsa na sake gina rayuwar ɗan adam. A shekarar da ta gabata, ya yarda cewa kulle-kulle na iya zama "marasa lafiya" ga Amurkawa da hakan bai auna ba farashi da fa'idar rufe makarantu.
Jami'ar Georgetown ta dauki hayar Dr. Fauci a cikin 2023 kuma ta karbe shi don taron tattaunawa kan martanin Covid. Fauci ya ba da goyan baya ga masu kulle-kulle, yana mai kiran su "cikakkiyar barata." Sai ya shawara cewa za a iya amfani da kulle-kulle don aiwatar da kamfen ɗin rigakafin dole. "Idan kuna da allurar rigakafi, kuna iya kullewa na ɗan lokaci don ku sami kowa da kowa," in ji shi.
Fauci bai da wayo game da yunƙurin sa. By m canji, yana nufin soke ƙarni na al'adar doka ta Anglo-Amurka da 'yancin kai. Hanya daya tilo ta aiwatar da shirinsa zuwa sake gina ababen more rayuwa na rayuwar dan Adam zai zama iko mai cikakken iko fiye da iyakokin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka.
Make America Medieval Sake
Duk da cewa kafafen yada labarai sun ji dadin nuna su a matsayin jarumai, Shugaba Trump da Dr. Fauci sun amince da shawarar kulle kasar. Ta hanyar zabukan 2020 da 2024, Shugaba Trump ya sha kare kulle-kullen da ya aiwatar.
A ranar 29 ga Maris, 2020, shirin rage yawan Covid-XNUMX ya ƙare. "Kwanaki goma sha biyar don dakatar da yaduwar" sun gudanar da aikinsa, kuma Shugaba Trump ya yi jawabi ga al'ummar kasar daga lambun Rose. Shi sanar cewa kulle-kullen zai kara wata wata. Duk da gazawar da aka nuna daga makonni biyun farko, gwamnatin Trump ta fara aiwatar da motsin matsugunan da suka hana Amurkawa 'yanci har zuwa lokacin da lamarin gaggawa na Covid ya ƙare a hukumance a ranar 11 ga Mayu, 2023.
Trump ya yi yakin neman zabensa kan matakin da ya dauka na kulle kasar a shekarar 2020. Daga Maris zuwa ranar zabe, ya akai-akai ya gaya wa taron jama'a cewa bin umarnin Fauci ya kasance "abin da ya dace a yi." A ranar 24 ga Maris, yakin neman sake zaben Trump sanya bidiyo na Fauci yana alfahari cewa Trump bai taba tsayawa kan akidarsa ta kulle-kulle ba. "Shugaban ya saurari abin da na fada," in ji Fauci. "Lokacin da na ba da shawarwari, ya karbe su, bai taba tuntube ni ba ko ya kore ni."
A cikin watan Afrilu, Trump ya shaida wa manema labarai cewa shi ne ke sarrafa ikon da al'ummar kasar ke da shi na sake budewa. "Shugaban Amurka ya yi kira ga masu zanga-zangar," In ji shi a wani taron manema labarai. "Ba za su iya yin komai ba tare da amincewar shugaban Amurka ba." Ya yarda cewa ya zabi ya kulle kasar duk da yana da zabin zabi. "Zan iya bude shi. Na yi tunanin bude shi," in ji shi. "Mun yi wannan daidai."
Fauci ya sake fadawa manema labarai cewa Trump ya aiwatar da shawarwarin nasa. Trump daga baya gushewa Fauci, "Ina son shi. Ina jin yana da ban tsoro." Trump ya dauki cikakken alhakin kulle-kullen a wancan watan yana tweeting, "Domin haifar da rikici da rudani, wasu a cikin Kafofin yada labarai na karya suna cewa shawarar Gwamna ce ta bude jihohi, ba na Shugaban Amurka da na Gwamnatin Tarayya ba. Bari a fahimci cewa wannan ba daidai ba ne… Shugaban kasa ne ya yanke shawara, kuma saboda kyawawan dalilai."
A watan Satumba, Trump kare Birx da Fauci a matsayin "ƙungiyar mutane masu wayo" waɗanda suka shawo kan shi ya kulle ƙasar. “Mun rufe… gungun mutane masu wayo sun shigo suna cewa, 'Yallabai, dole ne mu rufe shi.' Kuma mun yi abin da ya dace. Bayan wannan watan, Ya ci gaba ya yi alfahari a wani gangamin yakin neman zabe a Pennsylvania: “Mun yi abin da ya dace, mun rufe kasar.”
Ya ci gaba da aikensa har zuwa ranar zabe. A watan Oktoba, Trump ya bude muhawarar shugaban kasa da dagewa cewa kulle-kullen da ya yi ya ceci miliyoyin rayuka. "Na rufe mafi girman tattalin arziki a duniya don yakar wannan mummunar cuta da ta fito daga China," in ji shi. Ya yi yakin neman zabe a Arizona mako mai zuwa fahariya, “Mun yi abin da ya dace. Mun rufe shi.” A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, Ya gaya wa taron jama'a a Jojiya, "Dole ne in rufe shi, kuma mun yi abin da ya dace, mun rufe shi."
Bayan zaben 2020, Fadar White House ta Trump ta ci gaba da daukar matakan kulle-kulle. A cikin Disamba 2020, Trump ya yi kira ga Florida da ta aiwatar da umarnin rufe fuska, rufe gidajen abinci, da kuma buƙatar tsauraran nisantar da jama'a. Lokacin da Gwamna DeSantis ya ƙi bin waɗannan shawarwarin, Fadar White House aika buƙatun bin diddigin a cikin Janairu 2021 a cikin kwanaki goma na ƙarshe na wa'adin farko na Trump. Gwamnatin Trump ta yi kira da a “raguwa mai muni,” gami da “aiwatar da rigar rigar fuska mai inganci (biyu ko uku da dacewa) da kuma nisantar da kai.”
Rikici tsakanin Trump da DeSantis ya ci gaba a zaben shugaban kasa na 2024. A cikin Mayu 2023, Trump ya kai hari kan DeSantis saboda shawararsa na sake buɗe Florida. Trump ya rubuta cewa Gwamnan New York Andrew Cuomo "ya yi kyau" kan martanin Covid fiye da DeSantis ta hanyar kulle jihar. Kuomo ya ji dadin yabon, tweeting "Donald Trump ya faɗi gaskiya, a ƙarshe." Maganar Trump ba ta dace ba; CDC ta ba da rahoton cewa mutuwar-daidaita shekarun New York ta kasance 23% sama da na Florida.
An Afrilu 2022 karatu gano cewa New York tana da martani mafi muni na Covid na uku lokacin da aka auna ta tattalin arziki, ilimi, da mace-mace. Florida ta kasance ta shida mafi kyau. Martanin Cuomo ya haifar da mafi munin mace-mace na huɗu a cikin al'ummar duk da umarnin kama-karya na sa.
Yaƙin neman zaɓe na 2024 na Trump ya kuma sami abokin da ba zai yuwu ba a Gwamnan California Gavin Newsom. A cikin wata hira da Fox News, Trump ya yi nuni da cewa "ya kasance tare da Newsom." Ya kara da cewa "Koyaushe yana da kyau a gare ni. Ya ce mafi girma abubuwa," in ji shi. Newsom ya ba da wannan ra'ayi, yana mai alfahari cewa yana da "alaka mai ban mamaki" tare da Trump lokacin da suka yi aiki don kulle al'ummar. A cikin sanannen bambanci, Florida kiyaye Rarrashin jimlar duk sanadin daidaita yawan mace-mace fiye da California a duk faɗin cutar.
Matsayin Trump game da kulle-kulle a yanzu ya fito fili. "Abu daya da ba a taba yaba ni ba shine aikin da muka yi akan Covid," ya fada wa Fox News a cikin Janairu 2024. Ya goyi bayan manyan masu fafutuka biyu na lalata ’yancin Amurka a kan gwamnan wanda ya jawo cece-kuce na sake bude jiharsa. A cikin watan Yuni 2023, Trump ya ba da tabbatacciyar amsa lokacin da Bret Baier ya tambaya ko yana da "damuwa" kan yadda gwamnatinsa ta bi da Covid. "A'a," ya ce yana girgiza kai. Bayan watanni biyu, ya gaya wa Glenn Beck, "Mun yi babban aiki tare da Covid - ba a taɓa yarda da shi ba, amma zai kasance cikin tarihi."
"Hakkin Keɓaɓɓen Kusan Mara Sharadi"
Babu wani daga cikin masu ba shugaban kasa shawara daga Maris 2020 - ciki har da Birx, Fauci, da Kushner - da ya nuna nadama ko nadamar sanya Amurkawa a gidan kaso. A cikin kwanaki 1,141 na dokar ta-baci ta Covid, Amurkawa sun rasa 'yancinsu na walwala; cin zarafin al'adar tsarin mulkin Amurka ce karara.
A 1941, Justice Robert Jackson rubuta cewa Amurkawa suna da 'yancin yin balaguro tsakanin jihohi "ko dai don zama na ɗan lokaci ko don kafa mazaunin dindindin." Da yake ambaton Dokokin Kundin Tsarin Mulki da Kariya, ya rubuta, "Idan zama ɗan ƙasa yana nufin ƙasa da wannan, ba yana nufin komai ba." Ga Amurkawa da ke wucewa ta Maryland a ƙarƙashin Larry Hogan, zama ɗan ƙasa ya ƙare ba ma'ana ba.
Fiye da shekaru hamsin bayan haka, Kotun ta yanke hukunci Saenz v. Roe, “Ba a samun kalmar ‘tafiya’ a cikin nassin Kundin Tsarin Mulki, amma duk da haka ‘yancin yin tafiya daga wannan jiha zuwa wata jiha yana da ƙarfi a cikin hukunce-hukuncen mu. Wannan haƙƙin ya ɓace ga iyayen New York waɗanda suke son kawo 'ya'yansu zuwa taro tare da abokan karatunsu daga New Jersey.
A cikin 1969, Mai shari'a Potter Stewart ya kira 'yancin yin balaguro "kusan haƙƙin mutum wanda ba shi da wani sharadi, wanda tsarin mulki ya ba mu duka." Amma duk da haka, a jahohin kasar nan, gwamnoni sun kafa jihar ‘yan sanda. Gwamnatin Covid ta tafi "tsakanin zamani" a cikin martaninsa, 'yan ƙasa sun firgita a cikin garuruwansu masu guba kamar yadda Fauci da McNeil suka bayar.
Amurkawa sun rasa ƴancin ƴancin ƙaura a ƙasarsu. Jami'an gwamnati sun aiwatar da zalunci ba tare da ambaton tsarin da ya dace ba. Sun fi rashin nadama muni; suna kuka da rashin iya aiwatar da babban rashi.
Yayin da labarai kamar kama wasan golf da tara ga wasannin yara na iya zama kamar ba su da mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da ɗimbin umarni na Covid, suna wakiltar ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa don azabtar da mutane don yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na yin tafiye-tafiye cikin 'yanci. Sakamakon da wannan zalunci ya haifar ya kasance babba. Ya kawar da 'yancin yin zanga-zanga, ya lalata rayuwar ɗan adam tsawon shekaru, ya ɓata yanayin zamantakewar jama'a, kuma ya lalata tsarar matasan Amurkawa har abada.
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Labarai daga Cibiyar Brownstone, ƙungiyar sa-kai da aka kafa a watan Mayu na 2021 don tallafawa al'umma da ke rage rawar tashin hankali a rayuwar jama'a.
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