Amurkawa mutane ne masu son 'yanci. Ita ce kafuwar mu kuma mun kare shi a duk faɗin duniya a lokuta da yawa. Haka kuma, muna da kyakkyawar al’ada ta sadaukar da kai da sadaukar da kai ga ci gaban al’umma, musamman a lokutan rikici.
Yanzu da cutar ta Covid-19 ta kasance tare da mu kusan shekaru biyu da alluran rigakafi kusan guda ɗaya, mun koyi cewa alluran suna aiki a matakin digiri kuma sun san manyan haɗari da haɗarin haɗari.
A cikin 'yan watannin da suka gabata, Amurkawa suna ƙara fuskantar buƙatun cewa a yi musu alluran rigakafi ko a sake musu alluran rigakafin—daga gwamnatoci, makarantu, ma'aikata, masu shaguna, har ma da dangi.
Waɗannan buƙatun sun haɗa da “hukunce-hukunce” masu tilastawa bisa doka waɗanda ke tilasta wa Amurkawa su zaɓi tsakanin biyan buƙatun allurar rigakafi da rayuwarsu, zuwa makaranta, tafiye-tafiye, da kuma shiga cikin lokuta daban-daban na bikin jama'a da na addini. Wasu Amirkawa suna ganin cewa waɗannan buƙatun sun dace, yayin da wasu ke ganin su a matsayin misalan fitattun gwamnati na wuce gona da iri-a matsayin cin zarafi na tsarin mulki da haƙƙinsu.
Muna fuskantar, a wasu kalmomi, tambayoyi game da yadda mafi kyau don haɗa alƙawarin mu na yau da kullun don ’yanci tare da daɗaɗɗen damuwarmu ga lafiyar jama'a, a cikin wannan lokacin rikici.
Takaddama na hana-mandad da aka danganta da da'awar haƙƙoƙi mai sauƙi da sauƙi ba sa shigar da muhimman batutuwan da aka gabatar da umarnin rigakafin gwamnati. Haka kuma ba sa magance tashin hankali tsakanin 'yanci da alhakin jama'a. Dangane da ilimin kimiyya da ƙwarewar likitancin da aka samu a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, lokaci ya yi da za a sake yin la'akari da yadda za a iya haɗa 'yanci tare da ainihin buƙatun kiwon lafiyar jama'a don hidimar gama gari.
A yayin barkewar cutar, kotuna sun dogara daidai da tsarin karni na Kotun Koli a cikin shari'o'in da suka wajaba, amma sun yi rashin fahimta sosai tare da yin amfani da wannan al'adar don tabbatar da doka ta Covid-19 da ba ta dace ba.
Yawancin abin da za mu ce game da waɗannan kotuna an gabatar da su ne daga Alƙalai uku na Kotun Koli na Amurka a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2021. Tattaunawa (ba tare da nasara ba; sun kasance a cikin tsiraru) cewa babban Kotun ya ɗauki shari'ar ƙalubalen ƙalubale daga Maine, Alkalai Gorsuch, Thomas, da Alito sun ci gaba da cewa, kodayake watanni goma sha ɗaya da suka gabata Kotun ta ce "Cikakken sha'awar." "Wannan sha'awar ba za ta cancanci haka ba har abada."
Me ya sa? Daidai saboda (waɗannan Alƙalai sun rubuta) yanzu akwai "alurar rigakafi da aka rarraba" guda uku. Watanni goma sha daya a baya babu ko daya. "A wancan lokacin, kasar tana da karancin magunguna ga wadanda ke fama da cutar, a yau muna da karin jiyya kuma akwai wasu a kusa."
Za mu ƙara musamman cewa yanzu ya bayyana a fili cewa dabarun "kawar da", wanda babban burin lafiyar jama'a ba shi da kamuwa da cuta, ba zai yiwu ba kuma ba zai yiwu ba. Dole ne mu koyi rayuwa tare da Covid-19 kamar yadda muka koyi rayuwa tare da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɗaukar iska da ba za a iya kawar da su ba, kamar waɗanda ke haifar da mura da mura.
Alƙalai Gorsuch, Thomas da Alito sun rubuta: “Idan yanayin ’yan Adam da tarihi ya koya mana wani abu, ’yancin ɗan adam yana fuskantar haɗari sosai sa’ad da gwamnatoci suka shelanta dokar ta-baci.” Sun ce: "A wani matsayi mai girma, bayan haka, kusan duk wani mataki na jiha za a iya cewa ya shafi '… lafiyar jama'a da amincin jama'a'… da aunawa musamman musamman sha'awar mutum" a cikin aiwatar da haƙƙin farar hula "' kai tsaye a kan waɗannan ƙididdiga masu ƙima ba makawa ya sa sha'awar mutum ta zama ƙasa da mahimmanci'."
Lokaci ya yi da za mu kawo tunaninmu na doka game da alurar rigakafin Covid-19 zuwa ƙasa.
A lokutan gaggawa na kasa, babban burin gwamnati shi ne kare al'umma tare da kawar da dalilin dokar ta-baci. Wannan yana nufin cewa ana iya dakatar da wasu dokoki, ƙa'idodi, da manufofi na ɗan lokaci don cim ma waɗannan ayyuka. Misali, idan sojoji suna buƙatar motarka don jigilar sojoji zuwa layin gaba, haka lamarin yake. Musamman, a lokacin cutar sankara ta 1902, Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta shiga Jacobson da Massachusetts, 197 US 11 (1905) ta yanke hukuncin cewa Jihar Massachusetts na iya tilasta wa mazauna wurin yin alluran rigakafi kyauta ko sake yin rigakafin kamuwa da cutar, ko kuma za su fuskanci hukunci na $5 (kimanin $150 a yau) saboda rashin bin doka.
A cikin rubuta ra'ayi mafi rinjaye a Jacobson, Mai shari’a John Marshall Harlan ya bayar da hujjar (1) cewa ‘yancin mutum ba ya barin mutane su yi aiki ba tare da la’akari da cutar da za a iya yi wa wasu ba; (2) cewa ba a nuna wa'adin rigakafin ba na son rai ko zalunci; (3) cewa ana buƙatar allurar a hankali don lafiyar jama'a; da (4) cewa ra'ayin wanda ake tuhuma na cewa rigakafin cutar sankara ba shi da aminci ko tasiri ya zama ƴan tsirarun ra'ayi na likita.
A shekara ta 1905, rigakafin cutar sankara ya kasance ana amfani da shi kusan kusan karni guda, kuma yawancin jama'a, 'yan majalisa da kotuna sun kasance da gaske baki ɗaya wajen yarda da shi yadda ya dace da tasiri don hana ƙwayar cuta a cikin daidaikun mutane da kuma a cikin annoba. A cikin cutar sankarau ta Cleveland na 1902-4, an sami adadin mutane 1,394 da aka yi rikodin da kuma mutuwar 252, haɗarin mutuwa na 18%; don haka bayyanannen dalilin kare lafiyar jama'a don hana kamuwa da cuta.
Kotun a Jacobson yayi amfani da tarin maganganu don bayyana binciken sa kashi huɗu na dokar rigakafin Cambridge, Massachusetts a wannan yanayin. Daga cikin wadannan maganganu akwai: shin abin da ake bukata ya kasance "sakamako ne ba bisa la'akari da wajibcin lamarin ba"; ko wa'adin ya wuce "fiye da abin da ake bukata don kare lafiyar jama'a"; ko "ka'ida ce mai ma'ana, kamar yadda lafiyar jama'a ke buƙata;" da kuma ko yana da "haƙiƙa kuma mai mahimmanci" ga lafiyar jama'a.
The Jacobson Kotu ba ta taɓa cewa ta yi amfani da gwajin “tushen hankali” ba; hakika, matakin binciken shari'a mafi ƙanƙanta ba lokacin fasahar fasaha da kotuna ke amfani da shi ba. Kuma tabbas wannan gwajin ba ya bayyana ainihin abin da Kotun ta yi a 1905.
Kotuna yayin bala'in cutar ta Covid-19 duk da haka sun yi amfani da bita akai-akai "tushen hankali" ga umarnin rigakafin, suna ambaton Jacobson a matsayin ikon yin haka! Don buga ɗaya daga cikin misalan da yawa, Alkali Frank Easterbrook, wanda ya rubuta wa Kotun Kotu ta Bakwai na Ƙorafi a fitar da ƙarar da ɗaliban Jami’ar Indiana suka yi game da dokar rigakafin ta cibiyar, ya ce: “[g] Iven. Jacobson da Massachusetts,… ba za a iya samun matsalar tsarin mulki tare da rigakafin cutar SARS-CoV-2 ba."
Babban dalilin da ya sa hakan shine da'awarsa cewa Jacobson kotu ta yi amfani da mafi raunin ma'auni na nazarin shari'a game da ayyukan gwamnati. Easterbrook yayi kira da "ma'auni-tushen ma'ana da aka yi amfani da shi a ciki Jacobson." Amma Jacobson Kotu ta yi nazari a hankali fahimtar ilimin kimiyya na likitanci game da cutar sankarau da kuma alluran rigakafin da ake amfani da su a lokacin, fiye da abin da ya faru a shari'ar doka ta Covid-19 a yau.
Kotun Koli a Jacobson akai-akai kiran "kyakkyawan gama gari" na siyasa a matsayin ka'idar ingantaccen tunanin tsarin mulki game da gaggawar lafiyar jama'a na ranar. Kamar haka — a lokacin da kuma yanzu. Kotu ba, duk da haka, ta daidaita “kyakkyawan gama-gari” tare da fifiko mai ma’ana don wasu sha’awa ta gamayya akan haƙƙoƙin kowane mutum, ko tare da nuna kai tsaye ga sabon binciken da aka tabbatar na “kimiyya.”
Haka nan, ya zama wajibi kotuna a yau su bi su Jacobson kuma a yi nazari sosai da auna ƙwaƙƙwaran tushen kimiyya don umarnin rigakafin. A cikin shekarar da ta gabata, yawancin maganganun jama'a game da alluran rigakafi, ingancin su da kuma haɗarin halayen halayen su sun ta'allaka ne kan maganganun da CDC, FDA da sauran hukumomin gwamnati da ma'aikata suka yi. Waɗannan hukumomin suna da alhakin yin nazari, bayar da rahoto da kuma amincewa da magunguna, na'urorin likitanci, da alluran rigakafi dangane da cututtuka da yanayi daban-daban, ciki har da barkewar yawan jama'a a Amurka da sauran wurare a duniya.
Yayin bala'in cutar ta Covid-19, ya bayyana a fili cewa waɗannan hukumomin ba su nuna ainihin kimiyyar kimiyyar da za a iya tabbatar da su ba amma sun sami lokuta da yawa na rikice-rikice na sha'awa game da membobin kwamitin da ke da alaƙa ko ɓoye ga kamfanonin harhada magunguna da alluran rigakafi. Wadannan matsaloli da sauran maganganun jama’a da ake ganin ba su da ma’ana ko kuma sabani da wadannan hukumomin gwamnati suka yi sun zubar da amanar jama’a ga hukumomin sosai.
A wannan yanayin, don gwamnati ta tabbatar da cewa wajibcinta na tsarin mulki (kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Jacobson, misali) sun gamsu kawai "saboda hukumar gwamnati ta ce haka" zai zama mai son kai kuma bai isa ba. Irin wannan tunani ba zai gamsar da nauyin hujja ba; a maimakon haka, gwamnati za ta buƙaci nuna dacewa, cikakkun, shaidar kimiyya da ba ceri ba don yin shari'ar.
Yanzu bari mu yi la'akari da ma'auni guda hudu a kan su Jacobson sun dogara ga yanke shawarar cewa wajabcin rigakafin cutar sankara a cikin 1905 ya zartar da tsarin mulki, kuma yayi amfani da su don kimanta umarnin rigakafin Covid-19 na yau.
(1) 'Yancin mutum ɗaya baya barin mutane suyi aiki ba tare da la'akari da cutar da za a iya haifar wa wasu ba. I mana. Amma wannan ma'auni kamar yadda aka bayyana ba shi da tabbas a cikin kewayon abubuwan da zai iya haifar da shi. Misali, mutane a dabi'ance suna da kwarewa da kwarewa a fannin tattalin arziki. Wani ya yi nasara a gazawar wani. Irin wannan lahani na iya zama babba, amma wannan ba zai yiwu ya zama nau'in cutarwa da mai shari'a Harlan ya yi hasashe ba.
Abin da ya bayyana a fili shi ne cewa wannan ma'auni yana magance sha'awar iyakance mutane daga yin aiki don yada kamuwa da cuta. A cikin dokar tsarin mulki "sha'awa mai karfi" mataki ne mai mahimmanci ko mahimmanci maimakon fifiko; misali, ceton rayukan mutane masu yawa da ke cikin haɗari.
Hasali ma, gwamnatin tarayya ta riga ta sanya ginshiƙin tabbatar da wannan matakin. A kowace shekara, kusan Amurkawa 500,000 ke mutuwa daga cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da taba. Amma duk da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ba ta taɓa yin wani abu don rage shan taba ta kowace hanya mai ma'ana ba. Wannan yana nuna cewa mace-mace 500,000 a kowace shekara ba ta isa ta haifar da sha'awar gwamnati ba.
A farkon cutar ta Covid-19, wanda nau'ikan mutane za su kasance cikin haɗarin mace-mace daga kamuwa da cuta ba shi da tabbas. Bayan watanni shida, an tabbatar da cewa akwai babban banbancin mace-mace na Covid-19 tsakanin mutane sama da shekaru 70 da mutanen kasa da shekaru 30.
Don haka, da alama duk wata sha'awa ta gaske "mai tursasawa" za ta iya shafan mutane masu haɗari ne kawai, waɗanda ke da ma'ana kuma sun ƙunshi ƴan tsiraru na jama'a. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya kiyaye rayuwar irin waɗannan mutane sau da yawa ta hanyar sanannun abubuwan da ke wanzuwa da kuma samun su ta hanyar magunguna da magunguna na monoclonal (duba ma'auni (3) a ƙasa), wanda ke nufin cewa za a iya samun sha'awar da ba ta da ƙarfi ga allurar rigakafin duniya ko da a tsakanin su.
A ƙarshe, ana buƙatar nuna sha'awar gwamnati don tallafawa rigakafin umarni, ba samuwan alluran rigakafi kyauta ba. Tunda yawancin mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin mummunan sakamako na Covid-19 mai yiwuwa za su zaɓi a hankali don samun alluran rigakafi, ƙarin adadin rayukan da aka ceta da aka danganta ga umarnin, sama da rayukan da aka ceta a ƙarƙashin wadatar allurar rigakafin gabaɗaya a cikin jama'a iri ɗaya, da alama ba su da girma don gamsar da adadi mai yawa da ake buƙata don nuna cewa wa'adin rashin nuna bambanci yana ba da sha'awar lafiyar jama'a.
Bugu da ƙari, mun sani yanzu, kuma duka Dr. Anthony Fauci da Rochelle Walensky sun bayyana a bainar jama'a, cewa mutanen da ke da cikakken rigakafin na iya kamuwa da cutar kuma su yada cutar ga wasu. Yawancin irin wannan annoba sun faru a yankuna daban-daban. Don haka, babu wata fa'ida mai tursasawa ta tilasta yin allurar rigakafin ga masu karamin karfi musamman a yunƙurin rage kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta zuwa ga mutane masu haɗari-kamar yadda babu wata fa'ida ta tilastawa yin allurar rigakafin cutar don rage watsa kamuwa da cuta ga mutane masu rauni.
Kawai a bayyane, gwamnati ta tilastawa sha'awar hana manyan sakamako kamar asibiti da mace-mace. Amma mun tabbatar da cewa babu irin wannan tursasawa sha'awa game da lamarin Covid-19. Mafi yawan lokuta suna murmurewa. Rigakafin shari'o'in Covid-19 aƙalla kyakkyawar manufa ce ta manufofin ba sha'awa ba ce.
Kamar yadda ya ƙara fitowa fili, rigakafi na dabi'a bayan kamuwa da cutar ta Covid-19 ya fi ƙarfin tunkuɗe barkewar cutar kwalara fiye da tushen rigakafi. (Saboda haka, rigakafin faruwar shari'ar Covid-19 a kowane lokaci a zahiri ba ta da fa'ida wajen kawo karshen cutar.) Yayin da Kotun Koli ta yanke shawarar cewa "[s] rage yaduwar Covid-19 ba shakka wani sha'awa ce mai karfi" Diocese na Roman Katolika da Cuomo, an yanke wannan shawarar da wuri a cikin bala'in cutar, kafin a fahimci raunin dogon lokaci na rigakafin rigakafi. Tare da abin da aka sani yanzu, dalili game da tursasawa Sha'awar rigakafin umarni ba ya aiki.
(2) Ba a nuna wa'adin yin rigakafin zama na son rai ko zalunci ba. Dokokin rigakafin Covid-19 da gwamnatin tarayya da wasu gwamnatocin jihohi suka gindaya na buƙatar allurar rigakafi daga duk manya in ban da waɗanda ke neman keɓancewar likita ko keɓewar addini. Sharuɗɗan da CDC ta fitar don keɓancewar likita duk da haka suna da iyaka sosai, da gaske sun haɗa da halayen rashin lafiyar da ke barazanar rayuwa kawai kamar yadda aka nuna daga ɗaukar rigakafin farko na jerin mRNA guda biyu. Bukatun keɓancewar addini da alama sun gamu da martani daban-daban ta masu duba umarnin rigakafin, kuma wasu jihohin sun haramta keɓance addini gaba ɗaya, wanda ya sabawa (kamar yadda alkalai Gorsuch, Thomas, da Alito suka yi jayayya kuma kamar yadda za mu kiyaye) garantin tsarin mulki na yancin addini.
Wanda yayi daidai m la'akari da duk umarnin rigakafin zuwa yau shine umarnin yin watsi da mutanen da ke da Covid-19 don haka suna da rigakafi na halitta. Akwai yanzu fiye da 130 karatu yana nuna ƙarfi, ɗorewa da faɗin nau'in rigakafi na halitta musamman tare da rigakafin rigakafi.
Ko mutanen da ke da rigakafi na halitta za su sami ƙarin rigakafi idan su ma sun yi allurar ba shi da mahimmanci, saboda rigakafi na halitta ya fi isa kuma mai dorewa don cimma burin umarnin rigakafin.
An gabatar da wasu muhawarar da ke tabbatar da cewa matakan rigakafin na iya zama mafi girma a cikin mutanen da aka yi wa alurar riga kafi fiye da mutanen da aka murmure daga Covid-19, amma matakan rigakafin kowane ɗayan ba sa fassara zuwa matakin rigakafi. Matakan rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin mutanen da aka yi wa alurar riga kafi sun ragu sosai tun daga watanni huɗu bayan rigakafin, yayin da matakan rigakafin rigakafi a cikin Covid-19 suka murmure suna dawwama a cikin waɗannan watanni. Wasu ikirari sun kasance cewa asymptomatic ko ƙananan cututtuka na Covid-19 na iya ba da rigakafi mai ƙarfi na halitta; duk da haka, an nuna waɗannan ikirari ba su da tushe a kimiyyance. Nazari na ƙwaƙƙwaran yawan jama'a game da sake kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta / kamuwa da cuta ya nuna cewa rigakafi na halitta yana da ƙarfi ko ƙarfi fiye da rigakafin rigakafi.
A ƙarshe, ana iya yin rikodin rigakafi na halitta ta hanyar samun ingantaccen gwajin PCR na Covid-19, antibody ko T cell, ba tare da la'akari da matsayin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ba.
Hakazalika, umarnin rigakafin Covid-19 ga yara ba shi da tabbas saboda yara kusan suna kamuwa da cutar daga iyayensu ko wasu manya a cikin gida, kuma galibi suna yada cutar ga abokan karatunsu, malamai ko manyan gida marasa kamuwa da cuta.
Yara masu lafiya na yau da kullun ba sa mutuwa daga Covid-19, da yara 33 masu shekaru 5-11 kimanta ta CDC ya mutu daga Covid-19 tsakanin Oktoba 3, 2020 da Oktoba 2, 2021 duk suna da yanayi na yau da kullun kamar ciwon sukari, kiba, rashin rigakafi (misali, bayan maganin cutar kansa) wanda ke jefa su cikin haɗari mai yawa, har ma waɗannan lambobin sun yi ƙasa da mutuwar yara daga kan hanya da hatsarori masu tafiya, ko ma walƙiya ta kama su. Covid-19 a cikin yara kusan gabaɗaya cuta ce mai asymptomatic ko kuma mai laushi wanda zazzabi da gajiya ke nunawa kuma yana warware kansa cikin kwanaki 2-3 na hutawa. Don haka, umarnin allurar rigakafin yara ba su da tushe.
A taƙaice, manufar da ke buƙatar yin allurar rigakafin mutanen da ko dai sun riga sun sami rigakafi ko kuma ba su da wani tasiri ko dai don lafiyarsu ko kuma don yada cutar shine. sabani. Yana da zalunci a cikin haifar da aikin likita ga mutanen da ba sa buƙatar shi don kansu ko ga wasu. Irin wannan manufar za ta ma gaza yin gwajin “tushen hankali” wanda kotuna da yawa suka yi amfani da su ba bisa ka'ida ba.
(3) Ana buƙatar allurar a hankali don amincin jama'a. Alurar riga kafi a ka'idar yana hana kamuwa da cuta da cuta, da kuma watsa kamuwa da cuta zuwa wasu. Kusan sha'awar gwamnati tana cikin na baya. Yanzu mun san cewa allurar rigakafin Covid-19 a cikin duniyar gaske ba sa hana watsawa sosai.
Bugu da ari, an inganta amincin jama'a ta hanyar amfani da magunguna don jiyya na farko na marasa lafiya wanda ke ba da damar haɓaka yawan rigakafi na halitta cikin aminci. Yawancin binciken da aka tattara a cikin watanni 18 da suka gabata yana nuna cewa magunguna daban-daban da aka yarda amma ba su da alamar suna rage haɗarin asibiti na Covid-19 da mace-mace lokacin da aka fara a cikin marasa lafiya a cikin kwanaki biyar na farko ko makamancin farawa.
Meta-bincike na asibiti da haɗarin mace-mace da marubucin farko ya ƙididdige ana nuna su a cikin alkalumman da ke shafi na gaba don magunguna biyu, hydroxychloroquine da ivermectin. An buga ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da ƙa'idodin shaida na gwaje-gwajen miyagun ƙwayoyi da bazuwar, da kuma kan wasu ƙananan gwaje-gwajen da suka kasa cikar ƙirar bincikensu da kisa, an buga. nan. Waɗannan ƙididdigar sun nuna cewa akwai magunguna da yawa da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na monoclonal don kula da marasa lafiya tare da Covid-19 cikin nasara, suna yin allurar rigakafi zaɓi don magance cutar, amma ba larura ba.
Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, dogaro kawai ga FDA ko ra'ayoyin CDC akan waɗannan magunguna, ba tare da nuna cikakken, haƙiƙa, da bayanan rashin son zuciya da ke ƙarƙashin waɗannan ra'ayoyin ba, ba zai isa ga ƙa'idodin hujja ba. Shaida duk da haka tana da yawa cewa girke-girke na jiyya da likitocin ke amfani da su a zahiri suna jinyar marasa lafiya na Covid-19 suna aiki sosai kuma don haka suna ba da madadin allurar rigakafin kamuwa da cutar a asibiti da mace-mace.
(4) Alurar riga kafi yana da sanannen shahara, likitanci, da tarihin shari'a na ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai aminci da inganci. Wannan ma'aunin ya bambanta sosai Jacobson da kuma wajabcin rigakafin cutar sankarau daga abin da ke faruwa a yau. Jacobson bai yarda da shaidar rashin yarda ba game da amincin allurar rigakafi ko inganci saboda maganin a wancan lokacin ya kasance jigon al'umma kusan shekaru 100.
Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na Covid-19 ba su da irin wannan bayanin, suna da kowace alama cewa umarni ne na girman cutarwa, har ma da FDA har yanzu tana rarraba duka ukun da ake amfani da su a Amurka kamar gwaji, wanda ke nufin cewa sunayensu na EUA sun buƙaci kawai nuna hakan may isar da wasu fa'idodi kuma ba buƙatar zama marasa lahani ba, watau, ba a kafa su da aminci da inganci ba, balle a san shi shekaru da yawa ko fiye.
Jacobson kafa sharuddan aminci da inganci waɗanda dole ne a nuna fiye da kowane shakku, waɗanda suka ƙunshi ingantaccen amfani da maganin alurar riga kafi shekaru da yawa. Alurar rigakafin Covid-19 ba su zuwa kusa da wannan ma'auni.
An yi amfani da allurar rigakafin ƙwayar cuta ta tilas na 1902-4 kusan ƙarni guda kuma akwai adadi mai yawa na bayanai kuma an san shi game da aminci da inganci na gajere da na dogon lokaci, kuma an yarda da shi a ko'ina cikin sassan al'umma bisa ga wannan rukunin bayanai.
Sabanin haka, allurar rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta na Covid-19 da aka haɗa a cikin shirin tarayya da aka tsara ba su da ainihin tarihin dogon lokaci da mafi ƙarancin bayanai game da aminci da inganci.
Dangane da bayanan VAERS, ya zuwa yau an danganta mutuwar mutane 19,000 da allurar rigakafin Covid-19, wanda sama da kashi ɗaya cikin uku ya faru a cikin kwanaki uku na rigakafin. A cikin wannan shekara guda na rigakafin Covid-19, wannan adadin ya ninka adadin wadanda suka mutu daga dukkan sauran alluran rigakafin sama da shekaru 30 a hade a cikin bayanan VAERS. Hakanan ya fi sau 150 haɗarin mace-mace na rigakafin cutar sankara, 0.8 a kowace miliyan allurar (Aragon et al., 2003).
Har ila yau, VAERS database yana gano fiye da 200,000 masu tsanani ko abubuwan da ba na mutuwa ba har zuwa yau, kuma wannan lambar tabbas aƙalla sau 10 ba a ƙidaya shi ba saboda aiki, wahala, cikas da rashin cikakken ilimin da ke tattare da shigar da rahotanni masu ban tsoro a cikin tsarin VAERS. Yawancin waɗannan munanan al'amuran suna nuna munanan nakasu na tsawon rayuwa. Amma abubuwan da suka faru miliyan biyu masu mahimmanci ko masu barazanar rayuwa sun fi barnar da ko da ba a yi maganin Covid-19 ba a cikin Amurkawa miliyan 200 da aka yi wa alurar riga kafi, musamman ganin cewa kashi biyu cikin uku na su suna da ƙaƙƙarfan rigakafi na halitta daga samun asymptomatic ko alamun Covid-19.
Waɗannan lambobin suna nuna cewa waɗannan munanan al'amuran da alluran rigakafin suka haifar da yuwuwa sun zarce sakamakon Covid-19 mai tsanani da zai faru a cikin mutane iri ɗaya idan ba a yi musu allurar ba. Hakazalika, waɗannan lambobin za su yi ƙasa sosai tare da samun gabaɗayan magungunan da aka danne amma ingantattun magungunan jiyya don fara amfani da marasa lafiya na gaggawa.
Dangane da inganci, allurar rigakafin cutar ta Amurka guda uku na Covid-19 sun nuna babban alƙawari a cikin ainihin sakamakon gwajin bazuwar su. Koyaya, yayin da aka fitar da waɗannan alluran rigakafin a cikin ɗaruruwan miliyoyin allurai ga jama'a a cikin “ainihin duniya,” aikinsu ya bambanta da abin da aka kwatanta da farko.
Tsawon lokaci, ingancin alluran rigakafin rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar Covid-19 da mace-mace ya ragu sosai, sama da watanni 4-6 don kamuwa da cuta da watanni 6-8 don mace-mace. Yawancin hukunce-hukuncen sun fara yin la'akari da buƙatun don ƙara yawan allurai na lokaci-lokaci, wanda shine yarda da gaskiyar cewa shirye-shiryen rigakafin na asali ba su yi tasiri sosai ba.
A matakin yawan jama'a, ƙaddamar da manyan alluran rigakafi ya rage raƙuman kamuwa da cuta. Bayan lokaci ko da yake, yayin da alluran rigakafin suka rasa tasiri, raƙuman ruwa sun fara komawa. An ga wannan sosai a cikin Burtaniya da Netherlands a cikin watanni biyar da suka gabata. A cikin nazarin bayanan shari'ar Covid-19 daga kasashe 68 da larduna 2,947 na Amurka, an lura cewa girman lamarin ba shi da alaƙa da matakin rigakafin yawan jama'a.Subramania dan Kumar, 2021).
Don haka, idan allurar rigakafin ita ce hanya ɗaya tilo ta yaƙar cutar, da alama ana buƙatar allurar rigakafin da aka maimaita har abada a cikin tazara na watanni 6, kuma ko da hakan na iya zama ba kawai nasarar rage yaɗuwa sosai ba. Babu shirye-shiryen rigakafi don sauran cututtuka na gaba ɗaya a cikin Amurka waɗanda ke buƙatar irin wannan yawan yarda. Har ma mura, wanda ke da yawan mace-mace na shekara-shekara, yana da mitar sake rigakafi na shekara-shekara, yana iya yiwuwa kashi 50% kawai yana da tasiri akan lokacin mura, ba a ba da izini ba.
The Jacobson shari'ar ta kafa misali na yadda za a ba gwamnatin Amurka da sassanta ikon kare jama'a tare da rage iyakokin ayyuka da take hakki. Bugu da ari, ya dogara kawai ga matsakaicin hukunci na tattalin arziki don rashin bin doka. Cutar sankarau a cikin 1902-4 tana da kiyasin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar da kashi 18%, yayin da haɗarin cutar Covid-19 ya yi ƙasa da 1%. Wannan babban bambance-bambancen ya kamata ya ba da shakku ga tsauraran matakan kulawa da aka kafa a duk faɗin ƙasar.
A hankali karatu na Jacobson ya nuna cewa ba wai kawai la'akari ba ne ta atomatik ba da damar gwamnati ta yi abin da take so lokacin da aka ayyana bala'in bala'in a hukumance. A cikin bala'i, kotu na duba Jacobson don abin da ya gabata a matsayin bayyanannen dacewa kai tsaye, amma duk da haka dole ne a kimanta shaidar gamsar da duk abubuwan Jacobson ma'auni. Kamar yadda muka nuna, umarnin rigakafin Covid-19 ba su cika kowane ka'idojin da ake buƙata ba Jacobson, balle su duka.
Tambayar da za a yi magana da ita ita ce me yasa kamuwa da cuta mai saurin kamuwa da cutar kusan 1/20th Haɗarin mace-macen yanayi na cutar sankarau da ta gabata zai kasance ƙarƙashin mummunan sakamako na asarar aikin yi, asarar kulawar likita, asarar ayyukan da suka dace na rayuwar yau da kullun, da wajibcin alluran rigakafi waɗanda ba kamar na baya-bayan nan ba ba su da bayanan aminci na dogon lokaci. Ganin cewa babu daya daga cikin Jacobson an cika sharuddan, keta da buƙatun gwamnati da hukumomin kula da lafiyar jama'a ba su dace da doka ba. Wannan ita ce hujjar da dole ne a yi game da dalilin da ya sa shawarar allurar rigakafin da aka ba da shawarar ta zama wuce gona da iri da ba ta dace ba tare da kafaffen manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a da doka.
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Harvey Risch, Babban Masanin Kimiyya a Cibiyar Brownstone, likita ne kuma Farfesa Emeritus na Epidemiology a Makarantar Yale na Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Makarantar Magungunan Yale. Babban sha'awar bincikensa shine ilimin ilimin ciwon daji, rigakafi da ganewar asali, da kuma hanyoyin cututtukan cututtuka.
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Gerard V. Bradley farfesa ne a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Notre Dame, inda yake koyar da da'a na shari'a da Dokar Tsarin Mulki. A Notre Dame ya jagoranci (tare da John Finnis) Cibiyar Shari'a ta Halitta da haɗin gwiwa The American Journal of Jurisprudence, taron kasa da kasa don falsafar shari'a. Bradley ya kasance abokin ziyara a Cibiyar Hoover na Jami'ar Stanford, kuma babban jami'in Cibiyar Witherspoon, a Princeton, NJ Ya yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a matsayin shugaban Fellowship of Catholic Scholars.
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