Wani lokaci yana zuwa, wanda ke zuwa amma da wuya a tarihin al'umma, lokacin da aka haifi sabon tauraro a cikin sararin siyasa. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Australiya za su iya waiwaya a ranar Alhamis 14 ga Satumba, 2023, a matsayin irin wannan lokacin. Wannan ita ce ranar da Jacinta Nampijinpa Price, inuwar ministar 'yan asalin Australiya, ta yi magana daga zuciya da kuma shugabanta a wani jawabi da aka watsa ta gidan talabijin na kasa a kungiyar 'yan jaridu ta kasa (NPC) a Canberra.
Kafin mu kai ga jigon sharhin nata, jawabai biyar na gabatarwa da suka tsara yadda za a yi jawabin da ta shirya da kuma yadda za a tattauna da masu sauraro.
Preamble
Na farko, saboda gyare-gyaren da aka yi a ginin, an bayyana cewa Price ya yi magana a cikin wani ɗan ƙaramin uzuri ga ɗakin da ya kasance abin kunya ga mahimmancin bikin. Kamar yadda Shakespeare's Lady Macbeth ke kuka, wannan shine tabo akan NPC wanda ba "duk babban tekun Neptune" zai wanke ba. Price da kanta ta yi nuni da hakan a farkon maganar ta ta hanyar nuna godiya ga “kuɗin da ke cikin ɗakin,” wanda shi kansa ma alama ce ta jin daɗin baƙin ciki.
Na biyu, David Crowe, babban mai ba da rahoto kan harkokin siyasa na Sydney Morning Herald da Shekaru (Melbourne), wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin MC, ya gabatar da ita a matsayin macen Warlpiri-Celtic. Dacewar hakan ya bayyana a cikin abin da ya biyo baya. Na uku, ya kira Colin Lillie a matsayin "abokin tarayya." Dakika shida cikin jawabinta, Price ta gyarawa Crowe: "Colin mijina ne, ba abokin tarayya na ba."
Ta same ni daga wannan lokacin. Tare da maganganunta guda biyu, Price ya kama kuma ya riƙe cikakken hankalina.
Na hudu, a cikin 2021, Price ya rubuta gajere takarda siyasa don Cibiyar Nazarin Mai Zaman Kanta da ake kira "Duniya Baya: Rashin Haɓaka na 'Yan Asalin Nesa a cikin mahallin Australia mai faɗi." Ta bayyana halin da 'yan asalin Ostiraliya da ke zaune a cikin al'ummomi masu nisa a matsayin "muguwar matsala" da ba za a iya magance ta ba, tare da yawancin "garuruwan da ke gab da wargajewa."
A cikin ƙasar da aka sani da “arziki, ilimi da aminci,” sun kasance “mafi ƙarfi” waɗanda matsalolinsu “suna da wuyar fahimta sosai, kuma ƙalubalen su [suna da] wuya a magance su.” Ta fitar da wani kira mai fayyace don "maganin da ya shafi al'ummomi bisa ga shaida, maimakon ikirari game da kabilanci da al'adu, tare da mai da hankali kan samar da amintattun al'ummomin da kowane dan Ostiraliya zai yi tsammani da kyau a kofar gidansu."
Don haka Price ya nuna himma ga ƙoƙarin fahimta da magance yanayin baƙin ciki a cikin al'ummomin Aborigin na nesa. Ta kawo adadin abin da ake buƙata na gaskiya a maimakon tauraro -yed romanticism zuwa fayil ɗin ta.
Cikakken jawabin (amma ba gabatarwar Crowe na mai magana ba) yana samuwa akan YouTube nan.
Tun daga ranar 19 ga Satumba, kusan mutane 114,000 ne suka kalli ta. Ta hanyar kwatanta, da adireshin makon da ya gabata Babban mai fafutukar Ee Marcia Langton, wacce za ta sake fitowa nan ba da jimawa ba, an duba shi sau 18,000 duk da kasancewarsa na tsawon mako guda. Ya cancanci masu sauraro na duniya, saboda batutuwan da ta tattauna tare da batsa na musamman, tsabta, ƙarfin zuciya, da walƙiya na sha'awar sun dace da muhawarar manufofin jama'a a kowace ƙasa mai shiga (Australia, Kanada, New Zealand, Amurka).
Na biyar kuma a karshe, da Universal Declaration of Human Rights ita ce Magna Carta na tsarin kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya. Mataki na 1 ya bayyana cewa: "Dukkan 'yan adam an haife su ne 'yantacce kuma daidai da mutunci da hakki." Mataki na 2 ya biyo baya tare da: "Kowa yana da hakkin ya sami duk wani hakki da 'yancin da aka tsara a cikin wannan sanarwar, ba tare da bambanci ko wane iri ba, kamar launin fata, ... haihuwa ko wani matsayi." A kan kowane karatu a sarari, da Muryar da aka gabatar zai keta wannan tushe na duniya daftarin aiki.
Madadin Halin Hali da Tsarin
Farashin ya yi amfani da dandamalin NPC don fitar da duka ƙaƙƙarfan suka game da shirin Muryar da kuma tursasawa madadin hangen nesa. Ta ba da lokaci mai yawa don wargaza zato mara kyau da da'awar ƙarya na yaƙin neman zaɓe na Ee, waɗanda duk ana iya sa ran za a ƙalubalanci su. Ta fuskanci gabaɗayan kafawa da tsarin mulkin siyasa na Aboriginal kuma ta bar su a wargajewa.
Farashin ya sanya alamomi akan duk wanda zai raba al'ummar Ostireliya kuma ya sanya rabuwa cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki. Amma ba kawai ta ƙi Muryar ba. Manufarta ta siyasa ita ce ta farko don kayar da Muryar a zaben raba gardama na ranar 14 ga Oktoba sannan kuma ta hade Aborigine cikin al'ummar Australiya.
A cikin tsawon sa'a guda, Farashin ya nuna kewayon ban mamaki, zurfin, da fahimtar al'amuran kan-kasa. Faɗin gaskiyanta - cikakken misali na ƙaƙƙarfan ƙauna - ba don masu raɗaɗi ba ne. Mai yiyuwa ne a lanƙwasa yanayin yaƙin neman zaɓe tare da tabbatar da ita a matsayin ƙarfin siyasar Australiya da na Aborigin da za a lasafta shi. Ita ce shugabar kasa wajen yin abin da zai iya kaiwa ga kololuwar rayuwar jama'a.
Tabbas, kafin Price ya kai ga matsayi na farko, dole ne ta fadada ayyukanta fiye da al'amuran cikin gida. Amma ta nuna cewa tana da halayen da suka dace don ingantaccen shugaba na tsakiya. Ita ma ta rahma, ita ba ‘yar sana’a ba ce da ke neman mulki don neman mulki, amma da alama tana sha’awar aikin gwamnati don kawo wa jama’a sauyi.
Farashin da sauri ya gano sabani na asali a ainihin ainihin ra'ayin Muryar wanda ke lalata taken "Rufe Gap". Idan aka yi la’akari da wahalhalun da ke tattare da gyaran kundin tsarin mulkin, idan aka yi Muryar za ta kasance har abada. Don haka an gina ta ne bisa tsammanin rata ta dindindin da rashin lahani na Aboriginal. Wannan zai haifar, in ji ta, saboda masu fafutuka na birni waɗanda suka ci gajiyar fa'idodi, ayyuka, da shirye-shiryen da aka sadaukar don taimaka wa Aborigine suna neman su mai da fa'idodin su dindindin.
Farashin zai zama don juya Aboriginal-Ostiraliya zuwa waɗanda ke fama da har abada. Akasin haka, hanyar da ta fi so don samun ci gaba shine ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar hukumomin da ke akwai na injuna da shirye-shiryen da ake da su, da hukuma da alhaki.
Maimakon samar da ƙarin matakan tsarin mulkin Aboriginal, ta bukaci a mai da hankali sosai kan samar da tsarin da ake da su suyi aiki don amfanar su, gudanar da cikakken bincike na bincike a daidai inda ake kashe dala biliyan 30 zuwa 40 na shekara-shekara kan shirye-shiryen Aboriginal da kuma yadda yake da tasiri, neman lissafin cibiyoyi tare da ƙarfafa mutum da na kabilanci da kuma alhaki, da kuma ɓata lokaci a matsayin minista da ma'aikatar da za a iya raba su. ci gaba daga tsere zuwa shirye-shiryen tushen buƙatu.
Price ya musanta ra'ayin cewa "masu fafutuka na cikin birni suna magana ga dukan Aboriginal." Lokacin da ta ki amincewa da zato da ke ƙarƙashin Muryar - cewa duk Aborigines suna ji, tunani, da sha'awar abubuwa iri ɗaya kamar yadda tsarin mulkin mulkin mallaka - ta tuna da ni wani tsohon Punch zane mai ban dariya. Wata mata ta gabatar da baƙo daga wata ƙasa ta Afirka ta Yamma zuwa wani daga Indiya da waɗannan kalmomin: “Dukanku ’yan ƙasar ne. Hangeninta zai yi kira ga babban yanki na Australiya fiye da Aborigine.
Farashin barazana ne ga tsarin wutar lantarki na birni saboda ta ƙi ginshiƙan ɗabi'a wanda aka ƙirƙiri masana'antar Aborigin na yanzu. An shirya ta don bayyana wani tsarin ɗabi'a a matsayin hanyar sulhu ta gaske da haɗin kai. Wannan yasa tsohon soja Australian jarida Yadda za a furta Paul Kelly Daga adireshin NPC ya kasance: "Masu fada a ji a Ostiraliya suna kan aiwatar da wani gagarumin kaduwa."
Wannan ya hada da manyan kamfanoni. A cikin nasa Sydney Morning Herald ranar 15 ga Satumba, David Crowe jera manyan kuɗaɗen da ke bayan yaƙin neman zaɓe. Gaskiya isa, amma ba duka gaskiya ba. Tallafin kuɗi don Babu ya ɓace cikin ƙima idan aka kwatanta da babban tallafin kuɗi Ee. Watan ƙarshe na yaƙin neman zaɓe za a jiye shi da dala miliyan 100 na “Vote Ee” tallan talla.
Firayim Minista Anthony Albaniyawa suna alfahari a majalisar:
"Duk wani babban kasuwanci a Ostiraliya yana tallafawa yakin Yes. Woolworths, Coles, Telstra, BHP, Rio Tinto, Majalisar Kasuwancin Australia, Cocin Katolika, Majalisar Imams, Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Australiya, Rugby League, Rugby Australia da Netball Australia duk suna goyon bayan yakin Yes."
Price ya lura cewa ba za a iya samun 'yan siyasa a Canberra don sauraron mata 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka yi balaguro zuwa wurin don faɗin gaskiyar rayuwarsu ba. Suna sauraron "shugabannin masana'antar fafutuka da Qantas ke daukar nauyin."
“Gaskiya” Hukumar Shari’a ta Yoorrook ta Jihar Victoria ta dogara da “tarihi ya yi imani,” a cewar daya daga cikin fitattun masana tarihi na kasar Geoffrey Blainey, ga bukatar wani keɓantaccen tsarin kariyar yara da tsarin shari'a na aikata laifuka ga matasa waɗanda Aboriginal-Australiyawa suka tsara da sarrafa su. Price ta yi nuni da hukumar a cikin jawabinta na NPC ta hanyar nuna rashin amincewa da dabi'ar nuna soyayya ga al'adun Aborigin na Turai kafin zuwan Turawa. Suna ba da labarinta a matsayin wani nau'i na aljanna, in ji ta, yayin da suke nuna matsugunan 'yan mulkin mallaka gaba ɗaya tare da nuna kyama ga ƙasa game da tushen nasarar Ostiraliya ta zamani.
Farfesa Marcia Langton ta Jami'ar Melbourne wata fitacciyar mai fafutukar Yes ta Aborijin ce. A ranar 11 ga Satumba ta bayyana juriya ga gyaran tare da magana "tushe wariyar launin fata"da" wauta sosai." Ta yi magana a wani taron Jami'ar Queensland a ranar 7 ga Yuli, ta ce yawancin masu jefa kuri'a kuma kusan kashi 20 na yawan jama'a sun kasance "furta wariyar launin fata. "
Price ya amsa wa Langton a NPC ba tare da ya ambaci sunanta ba. Abin da "zai zama na wariyar launin fata, shine raba al'ummarmu zuwa 'mu' da 'su'." Kuma wawanci zai kwanta a rarraba
"al'umma lokacin da ta kasance tana haɓaka haɗin kai, don raba ta tare da karaya na kabilanci maimakon ƙoƙarin kawo ta kusa."
abuse
Farashin ya ci gaba da cin zarafi da yawa daga kafa, kuma ba kawai masu fafutuka na Aboriginal ba. A ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2021, Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Australiya (ABC, mai watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a) ya ba da jama'a uzuri ga Price kuma ta yanke hukunci daga kotu don ɗaukar labarin jawabin da ta yi a Coffs Harbor a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 2019 "wanda ta yarda karya ne da bata suna."
Da yake magana a gidan rediyon ABC a watan Nuwambar bara, babban shugaban 'yan kabilar Ibo Noel Pearson ya ce dangane da Price cewa yayin da "harsashi ake kerawa" ta masu tunani masu ra'ayin mazan jiya kamar Cibiyar Nazarin Zaman Kansu da Cibiyar Harkokin Jama'a da suka ja layi, "haka ne. wani bak'in hannu yana jan abin.” CIS da IPA "dabarun" shine "nemo ɗan baƙar fata don buga wa sauran baƙar fata."
A cikin labarin a cikin Asabar Takarda a ranar 25 ga Agusta, 2018, Langton ya kuma zargi Jacinta Price da mahaifiyarta Bess da cewa sun zama "taimakon masu launi masu amfani wajen ceto hoton wariyar launin fata" na masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.
Ba ya buƙatar tunani mai yawa don sanin abin da zai faru da duk wani ɗan Ostiraliya wanda ba ɗan asalin Australiya ba wanda ya bayyana Langton ko Pearson daidai gwargwado.
Wadanda suka ƙudura don yin fushi da ganin wariyar launin fata za su same shi a kowane lokaci. Na zama ɗan Ostiraliya a cikin 1998. Ba wanda zai ɗauki laifin da gangan kwance, a cikin ƙarni na kwata tun ban ci karo da wani mummunan wariyar launin fata ba wanda ya bambanta da son sanin asali. Ba ma lokacin hutun tuƙi na mako biyu ta waje.
Ostiraliya ta riga ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi bambance-bambance, haɗaka, kuma mafi ƙarancin al'ummomin wariyar launin fata a duniya kuma akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a so a cikin wannan babban hoto. Tabbas dole ne a sami wasu 'yan wariyar launin fata a nan kamar ko'ina. Amma kabilanci, launin fata, da son zuciya na addini har yanzu suna da zurfi sosai a Indiya, alal misali, fiye da nan. Kuma gaskiyar cewa asalin kabilanci yana cikin tsarin tsarin mulki a Indiya ya yi aiki ne kawai don dorewar fahimtar kabilanci da shigar da shi cikin manufofin jama'a.
Tambaya da Amsa Ta kasance Mai Wutar Lantarki
A cikin Q&A, Crowe ya tambaya ko Farashin ya yarda cewa tarihin mulkin mallaka ya haifar da "ƙarnuka na rauni." Amsar da ta bayar ya sa tafa da dariya:
"To, ina tsammanin hakan yana nufin cewa mu wadanda aka kori kakanninsu daga kasarsu aka kawo su daure a matsayin wadanda aka yanke musu hukunci, mu ma muna fama da rauni a tsakanin al'ummomi. Don haka ya kamata in yi. sau biyu fama da rauni tsakanin tsararraki.”
Rarraba da za a kafa ta dindindin ta hanyar gyaran kundin tsarin mulki na sirri ne a cikin dangi "haɗaɗɗen". Tsare-tsare daga amsarta mai cike da raɗaɗi ya mai da hankali kan tsakiyar layin farko na masu sauraro inda mahaifiyarta Babila Bess ta zauna a tsakiya, a tsakiyar mahaifinta David wanda ɗan Australiya ne na Anglo-Celtic zuriyarta da mijinta Colin wanda ɗan Scotland-Australian ne. Price yana da 'ya'ya maza uku daga farkon aurenta kuma ita ce uwar ga dan Colin daga dangantakar da ta gabata. Wannan yana nufin, kamar yadda suka lura, cewa, idan an amince da ita, Muryar za ta ba da ƙarin haƙƙoƙin tushen zuriyarsu, gata, da damar zuwa ga mahaifiyarta da ’ya’yanta uku amma ba ga mahaifinta, mijinta, da ɗan ɗa ba. Wannan yana kama da girke-girke na dangin Tolstoy marasa farin ciki.
Farashin ya ci gaba da ba da amsa ga Crowe cewa tashe-tashen hankula a cikin iyali ya haifar da fiye da aurar da yara mata fiye da sakamakon mulkin mallaka. Sannan ta kara da cewa:
Ba mu sami wani motsi na mata ga matan Aboriginal ba saboda an sa ran za mu bi layi a cikin gwagwarmayar Aboriginal don haƙƙin jinsinmu. Amma hakkinmu a matsayinmu na mata ya zama na biyu.
A wata amsa da ba ta dace ba ga wata tambaya game da karuwar ’yan Australiya da suka bayyana a matsayin ’yan asalin ƙasar, ta ce: “Idan muka zaɓi yin hidima ga ’yan Australiya bisa buƙatu ba kabilanci ba, waɗancan ’yan dama-dama” waɗanda suka bayyana kansu a matsayin ’yan Asalin “za su ɓace da sauri.”
Zuwa tambaya mai zuwa kan ci gaba da tasirin mulkin mallaka, daga Josh Butler na Guardian, Price ta ce ba ta yi imani da cewa ana ci gaba da tasiri mara kyau ba amma tana tunanin akwai tasiri mai kyau mai gudana. An ɗauka a zahiri, wannan ba shakka ana nuna shi cikin sauƙi azaman ƙarya. (Ko da yake gudana raunin da ya faru daga mulkin mallaka na tarihi zai iya kasancewa sakamakon hazaka na zamani wanda ke ba da ƙima ga wanda aka azabtar da korafe-korafe.) A kowane hali, mulkin mallaka yana da tasiri mai lalacewa da fa'ida mai dorewa a cikin masarautu daban-daban.
Wataƙila Farashin yana nufin ma'auni na tasirin mulkin mallaka ya kasance mai kyau. Wannan aƙalla abin karewa ne kuma abin jayayya. Motsa jiki zai buƙaci ƙayyadaddun kima na tarihi na ƙididdigar ƙimar fa'ida. A ciki Mulkin Mallaka: Ƙididdigar ɗabi'a (William Collins, 2023), Nigel Biggar ya haifar da cece-kuce ta hanyar nuna fa'ida da yawa da kuma kyawawan abubuwan gado na Daular Burtaniya.
Ministar 'yan asalin Australiya Linda Burney ta sami kalaman Price "m"da" cin amana." Duk da haka Burney minista ne a cikin gwamnatin majalisar dokoki ta Westminster Tabbas hakan yana da tasiri mai kyau na ci gaba da mulkin mallaka?
Albaniyawa Batar da Al'umma
Fitowar Farashin a matsayin muryar Aboriginal-Ostiraliya mai ƙarfi kuma ƙwararren mai fafutuka duka biyu sun mamaye kuma, ya zuwa yanzu aƙalla, yana nutsewa cikin shari'ar Ee. Ta zana labarai masu zurfi na rashin aikin iyali, shaye-shaye, tashin hankalin gida, lalata da yara, da kisan kai a matsayin gaskiyar yau da kullun na mutanen da ke zaune a cikin al'ummomi masu nisa yayin da masu fafutuka na ilimi a cikin manyan biranen suka damu game da zaluncin mulkin mallaka da muryar tsarin mulki.
a cikin wata baya labarin a cikin Karshen Ostiraliya, Na yi jayayya cewa Burney ya kasance mai hankali wajen ƙin yarda da muhawarar jama'a tare da Price saboda fifikon ƙarshen ƙarshen a cikin ikon wutar lantarki da yanke-ta hanyar ƙwarewar saƙo. (Burney yana da, duk da haka, yana da kyakkyawar ido ga gilashin zane da tufafi tare da abubuwan Aboriginal.)
Bayan adireshinta na NPC, na yi imani Price zai bar ko da Albanese a cikin ƙura a kowace muhawarar jama'a tsakanin su biyun. Ga Albanese da alama ba shi da iyawa da kuma sha'awar sanin taƙaitaccen bayaninsa kan wannan shirin sa hannu. Bayan da aka sha alwashin aiwatar da Maganar Uluru daga Zuciya gaba daya, wanda rubutun ya zo 26 shafukan, ya nace shafi daya ne kawai. A wani mataki na rashin amincewar firaminista, ya yi ikirari mai sauke baki cewa kawai ya karanta taƙaitawar shafi na murfin kuma ya tambayi "Me yasa zan" karanta sauran?
Albanese ya yarda da mafi girman buƙatun masu fafutuka wajen tsara kalmomin raba gardama da ke buƙatar amsa ɗaya E ko A'a ga tambayoyi guda biyu: kan amincewa, da kuma kan sabuwar ƙungiyar da za a kira Muryar. Ya yi fatali da kokarin da madugun 'yan adawa ya yi na tattaunawa kan wata tambaya ta bangarorin biyu. Ya ƙi shawara daga Bill Shorten, Ministan majalisar ministoci kuma tsohon shugaban jam'iyya, don fara kafa wata murya mai zaman kanta, ƙaddamar da amincewa da 'yan asalin Australiya a cikin Preamble Tsarin Tsarin Mulki, bari mutane su saba da ayyukan Muryar kuma, idan ya tabbatar da nasara kuma matakin jin daɗin jama'a tare da shi yana ƙaruwa, kawai sai a yi la'akari da gyaran tsarin mulki a wannan mataki.
A halin da ake ciki, goyon bayan Muryar na ci gaba da faduwa a duk zabukan ra'ayoyin jama'a. Haɓaka goyon baya ga No yana ƙarfafa ƙarin 'yan siyasa da fitattun 'yan Australiya su fito daga shingen da kuma ƙarfafa ƙarin 'yan ƙasa su yi magana.
Kuri'ar Redbridge ta kuma nemi masu jefa kuri'a da su ba da matsayi dalilan adawa da Muryar. Domin, manyan dalilai uku sune rarrabuwar kawuna, rashin cikakkun bayanai, kuma ba zai taimaki Aboriginal-Australiyawa ba.
Kamar yadda wani wanda kansa ikirari mai rai sha'awar a cikin rayuwar jama'a shi ne soyayya na "fada da Tories"Wataƙila Albanese sun ɓata na farko mai girma amma goyon baya mai laushi ga Muryar a matsayin kyakkyawan al'amari game da abin da za a yi la'akari da haɗin gwiwar 'yan adawa.
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Ramesh Thakur, Babban Babban Masanin Cibiyar Brownstone, tsohon Mataimakin Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ne, kuma farfesa na farko a Makarantar Siyasa ta Crawford, Jami'ar Kasa ta Australiya.
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