Karamin Kwamitin Majalisar kan Cutar Coronavirus ya yi taro kwanan nan a karon farko kuma ya gudanar da wani taron zagaye, "Shirya don Gaba ta Koyo daga baya: Nazari Hukunce-hukuncen Manufofin Covid." Lokacin karanta 'yan siyasa da kalmomin ma'aikata, rubutun George Orwell na 1946, "Siyasa da Harshen Turanci” ya zo a rai.
Ina koyar da maƙalar a yanzu ga ɗaliban Ingilishi na sakandare na AP kuma na sanya su rubuta makala a cikin abin da suke yin nazari da sukar wani rubutun - umarni na gwamnati, rahoto, manufofi, magana, rubutun taro, ko wani rubutu tare da maki Orwell a matsayin jagora. Yanzu, ba zan iya taimakawa ba face yin wannan aikin da kaina.
Shugaban Rep. Brad Wenstrup (R-Ohio), kungiyar ta ji shaida daga Jay Bhattacharya, MD, Ph.D., farfesa a fannin likitanci a Jami'ar Stanford; Martin Kulldorff, Ph.D., farfesa a fannin likitanci a Brigham da Asibitin Mata; Marty Makary, MDMPH, shugaban tsibirin tsibirin da tiyata kuma farfesa a fannin tiyata a Jami'ar Johns Hopkins; da George C. Benjamin, MD, MACP, babban darektan Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Amurka.
Yawancin shaidun sun soki martanin lafiyar jama'a gabaɗaya ga Covid, wanda Kulldorff ya bayyana a matsayin ɗayan "mafi munin kurakuran lafiyar jama'a a tarihi." Amma duk da haka, harshe daga wasu a cikin wannan kwamiti ya shiga cikin tsari Orwell yayi kashedin a cikin rubutun nasa. Gargadinsa yana da muni. Samfuran sun haɗa da laƙabi, kalmomi marasa ma'ana, jumlolin shirye-shiryen da aka shirya, ginannun murya mara ƙarfi, fassarori mara fa'ida, fa'ida, da jargon gwamnati.
Orwell ya bayar da hujjar cewa waɗannan tsarin harshe suna lalata gaskiya da kyau da tsabta; suna gajimare tunani da ruguza al'adu tare da ɓarnansu. Lokacin karantawa ko sauraron irin wannan magana, mukan sami kanmu cikin ɓacin rai da yaƙe-yaƙe masu ruɗani, da ruɗani, da damuwa, kuma a cikin matsananciyar yanayi, irin wannan harshe yakan kashe mutane, domin idan ba mu yi tambaya ba, kuma mu ƙyale shi ya ba mu haushi da fushi, yakan ɓata mana rai. Daga nan sai mu yi murmushi mu yi sallama kuma mu kasance cikin rudani da rashin sanin abin da gwamnatoci ko masu mulkin kama karya suke yi a zahiri kafin lokaci ya kure.
Ko da taken "zagaye" na "Kwamitin Zaɓar Gida kan Cutar Corona Virus" ya sa na yi taɗi bayan karanta Orwell. Me yasa zai zama "kwamiti" maimakon babban kwamiti lokacin da gwamnatoci suka yi lalata da Amurka da duniya, gami da asarar aiki; kasuwancin da aka lalata; mutuwar yanke kauna; kashe kansa; yunwa daga rushewar sarkar samar da kayayyaki; ƙara yawan jaraba; lalacewar al'umma; ruguza amana ga cibiyoyi?
"Shiri don Gaba Yayin Koyo Daga Baya: Nazari Hukunce-hukuncen Manufofin COVID"Yana da irin vapid sautin, tare da gwangwani jumlolin da ake bukata da kyau sanya hanji, wanda ya sa idanunmu glaze a kan kamar yadda muna da nutsewa hankali cewa wadanda alhakin ba za su ce kusan kome ba kuma za su yi ko da kasa.
A taron, suna "Nazarin Hukunce-hukuncen Siyasa na Covid," bisa taken, amma me ya sa jami'an gwamnati ba su bi manufofi ko shawarar kiwon lafiya da aka yanke ba tun da dadewa, kamar bin ingantattun matakai don gwada amincin rigakafin, wanda yawanci yakan ɗauki shekaru? Me yasa gwamnati da jami'an cututtuka suka yi watsi da rigakafi na halitta, maimakon haka, tilasta alluran rigakafi da umarni?
"Ina tsammanin mun san game da shi [kariya ta dabi'a] tun 430 BC, Annobar Athens, har zuwa 2020, sannan ba mu san game da shi ba tsawon shekaru uku, kuma yanzu mun sake saninsa," in ji Kulldorff.
Me ya sa ake buƙatar “taron zagayawa” don bincika yanke shawara yayin da ma’aikatan gwamnati ba su ma bi shawarar waɗanda suka kafa ƙasarmu ba, waɗanda suka rubuta Kwaskwarima na Farko ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka wanda ke ba da ’yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da ‘yan jarida? A cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata, gwamnatin Amurka, a maimakon haka, ta haɗu da kamfanonin fasaha don murkushe 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki kan rigakafin halitta, jiyya na farko ga Covid, da raunin rigakafin. Ana ci gaba da danne 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki. Kwaskwarimar Farko wani ingantaccen “shawarar siyasa” wanda gwamnatoci kawai suka yanke shawarar yin watsi da su.
Shekaru uku, misalan Orwell na munanan harshe sun yadu a ko'ina. Kwayoyin cuta na harshe suna cutar da al'ada a kowane mataki daga fanko, jumlolin da aka yi kamar "sabon zamantakewa" ko "sabon al'ada" zuwa kalmomin da ba su da ma'ana kamar "rashin fahimta" da "raguwa" don bayyana rubutu ko magana da wani, wanda ya ɗauki kansa mai iko, ya ƙi yarda.
Jawabin buɗewa na Wakilin Brad Wenstrup (R-Ohio) ya bayyana aikin ƙaramin kwamiti. Ya yi amfani da jumloli masu ruɗani kamar "alurar rigakafi da ci gaban warkewa da umarni na gaba." Ya ci gaba da cewa, “Mun zo nan ne domin mu gabatar da wani bita na baya-bayan nan na shekaru uku da suka gabata, don koyi da abin da ya gabata, ba wai kawai abin da ba daidai ba, amma abin da aka yi daidai, kuma mu shirya don nan gaba.” “Bita bayan-aiki” shine nau'in mara ma'ana, jimlar da Orwell ya shirya a cikin rubutunsa. "Ba kawai abin da aka yi ba daidai ba, amma abin da aka yi daidai, da kuma shirya don nan gaba" yana cike da waɗannan kalmomi, yana sa mu yi barci na 'yan dakiku yayin da muke karanta su.
Orwell ya aririce mu mu gyara munanan maganganun siyasa ta yin tambayoyi, kamar "Me nake ƙoƙarin faɗi?" da "Wane kalmomi ne za su bayyana shi?" ko kuma, ya rubuta, “Za ku iya yin shirka [wannan alhakin] kawai ta hanyar buɗe hankalinku da barin kalmar da aka shirya ta shigo cikin cunkoso.”
Wenstrup ya ci gaba da cewa "Wannan aiki ne da dole ne a yi shi, dole ne a yi shi sosai, kuma dole ne a yi shi tare da girmamawa tare da sa ido kan gaskiya da kuma bisa gaskiya." Ma'anar rashin fahimta a farkon wannan jimla zai sa Orwell ya ɓaci tare da ginin muryar da ba ta dace ba, "aikin da dole ne a yi" ba tare da wani batu da zai yi aikin fi'ili ba. Tabbas, aikin "dole ne a yi."
Amma ta wa? Daidaituwa yana ƙoƙarin sanya wannan jumla ta zama mai mahimmanci, amma fa'ida da jumlolin gwangwani, kamar "girmamawa da ido ga" laka wannan magana. Ina waɗannan “dole” suke shekaru biyu ko uku da suka wuce? Bugu da ƙari, rashin jin daɗi na "da ido ga gaskiya da kuma tushen gaskiya" yana da ban mamaki da ban tausayi - gaskiya da gaskiyar duka, yanzu? Ina suke buya har yanzu?
Wenstrup ya ce kwararrun da suka halarta za su iya "taimaka mana tsara hanyar ci gaba; don taimaka mana fahimtar menene manufofin da suka yi kuskure da kuma yadda mu, a matsayinmu na kasa, za mu iya inganta." Orwell ya lura da jimloli irin waɗannan lokacin da yake rubuta cewa, “Rubutun zamani a mafi muni ba ya ƙunshi zaɓen kalmomi don ma’anarsu da ƙirƙira hotuna don ƙara fahimtar ma’anar. Ya ƙunshi haɗa dogon zangon kalmomi waɗanda wani ya riga ya tsara su, da kuma sanya sakamakon da aka samu ta hanyar humbug. Tabbas, ba za mu tsara hanya ta baya ba.
Bugu da ƙari, ina aka yi “charting” lokacin da jami’an gwamnati suka rufe makarantu, suka hana magungunan jiyya da wuri, da kuma ketare ka’idojin aminci na rigakafi? Dubban likitoci, masu ilimin cututtuka, da masana kimiyya sun goyi bayan kare tsofaffi da marasa lafiya yayin da suke buɗe al'umma. Daruruwan likitoci sun yi karatu tare da rubuta magunguna masu nasara da wuri kuma masu aikinsu sun yi musu ba'a, suna tursasa su, sun yi musu barazana, da kora yayin da kafafen yada labarai suka yi musu kazafi.
"Mutanen Amurka sun cancanci sani da fahimtar yadda kuma dalilin da yasa aka yanke waɗannan shawarwari masu tasiri," in ji Wenstrup. "Mutanen Amirka sun cancanci sani da fahimta" misali ne na nau'in Orwell: "kalmomin da wani ya tsara su." Yana da cliché da tunani-tsaya. Muryar da ba ta da ƙarfi tana ɓoye alhakin. An yi kurakurai, an yanke shawara, an yi abubuwa a cikin waɗannan jimlolin ba tare da bayyanannun batutuwa ba. "A ƙarshen wannan tsari, burinmu shine samar da samfur, da fatan masu ban sha'awa [ba shakka] bisa ilimi da darussan da aka koya," in ji Wenstrup. Za mu iya sa ido ga samfurin ɓangarorin biyu a ƙarshen tsari.
Paul Ruiz (D-Calif.) ya ce cutar ta barke, "ta bayyana rashi da rashin daidaito a cikin kayayyakin kiwon lafiyar jama'a da tattalin arzikinmu." Yana da wuya a gane ma'anar wannan jumla kamar yadda ta ƙunshi jimlolin da aka riga aka shirya kamar waɗanda Orwell ya tattauna. Tabbas, samun wasu mutane isar da kaya da ayyuka ga wasu su zauna a gida bai daidaita ba.
Ruiz ya ce, "Muna bukatar mu fahimci darussan da muka koya, mu koyi duk wani shingen da ke tattare da bayanan da ba su dace ba, da rashin fahimtar juna, da siyasantar da hakan da kuma guje wa wadanda suke don kare al'ummarmu, domin ceton rayuka." Wannan magana a zahiri ba ta fahimce ta tare da nassoshi na karin magana da ba a bayyana ba a cikin “wannan” da “waɗanda” da ƙagaggun kalmomi, “raguwar fahimta” da “ɓarnata bayanai,” Hakika, muna so mu ceci ƙarin rayuka. . . don sabili da al’ummarmu.
Orwell ya rubuta cewa, “A zamaninmu gaskiya ne cewa rubuce-rubucen siyasa ba daidai ba ne, inda ba gaskiya ba ne, za a ga cewa marubucin wani irin tawaye ne, yana bayyana ra’ayinsa na kashin kansa, ba ‘yan jam’iyya ba. Orthodoxy, kowace irin launi, da alama tana buƙatar salon mara rai, salon kwaikwayo. "
Makary, ɗan tawaye kuma mai sukar martanin Covid, yana amfani da batutuwa da bayyanannun kalmomi. Ya ce jami'an gwamnati sun yi kura-kurai masu ban tausayi yayin bala'in kamar "yin watsi da kariya ta dabi'a," "rufe makarantu," "masu saka jarirai," da "turawa masu kara kuzari ga matasa." Bhattacharya ya ce, "Masu kula da lafiyar jama'a sun yi aiki kamar masu mulkin kama karya fiye da masana kimiyya yayin barkewar cutar, tare da kare kansu daga zargi da ake yi a waje."
George C. Benjamin, MD, MACP, wanda ya halarci taron, ya goyi bayan martanin lafiyar jama'a ga Covid, kuma harshensa yana nuna layin jam'iyyar. Ya ce, "Dole ne mu tuna da taƙaitaccen bayanin da muke da shi lokacin da muka yanke waɗannan shawarar." Koyaya, masana kimiyya da masana kiwon lafiyar jama'a kamar Bhattacharya, Kulldorff, da Makary da Drs. Scott Atlas, Sunetra Gupta, da Harvey Risch, da sauransu da yawa, sun yi musayar bayanai da karimci kan wasu hanyoyin da za a bi da su tun da wuri, duk da haka jami'an gwamnati da kafofin watsa labarai sun yi musu ba'a, sun cece su, da kuma yi musu barazana. Yawancin waɗanda suka raba bayanai sun rasa suna da ayyuka.
Benjamin ya ci gaba da cewa, “dole ne mu tuna… gaskiyar cewa tushen iliminmu da kimiyyar mu suna ci gaba da haɓakawa cikin lokaci.” Kalmomi masu ma'ana da ƙamus kamar "gaskiyar cewa" da kuma shirye-shiryen da aka ƙera, kalmomin wofi kamar "tushen iliminmu" suna rikitar da masu sauraro da masu karatu. Shin "tushen iliminmu" yana nufin - abin da muka sani? Kimiyyar da ke "ci gaba da haɓakawa a kan lokaci" abu ne na fili kuma mai cike sararin samaniya, musamman ma lokacin da gwamnatoci suka umarce mu da mu yi biyayya da "Kimiyya," tsari ɗaya kawai na ƙa'idodinsu na shekaru uku. Haka ne, kimiyya ta samo asali, kuma ta yaya kuma zai samo asali amma "a kan lokaci?"
Benjamin ya lura, "Mun ƙirƙiri ingantaccen rigakafin rigakafi ta kowane ma'auni wanda muka fahimci aminci da inganci a yau, a cikin lokacin rikodin." Orwell ya rubuta a cikin makalarsa ta 1946 cewa ba za mu iya inganta harshe da tsabta nan da nan ba, “amma mutum na iya aƙalla canza dabi’arsa, kuma daga lokaci zuwa lokaci mutum zai iya ma, idan mutum ya yi izgili da babbar murya, ya aika da wasu kalmomin da suka gaji kuma mara amfani. . . Kalmomin da ba su da amfani sun taru cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata kuma a cikin wannan taron na "Kwamitin Zaɓar Gida kan Cutar Cutar Coronavirus." Daga cikin su akwai "tushen ilimi," "ta kowane ma'auni," "a cikin lokacin rikodin," "lafiya kuma mai tasiri," da "masu tasiri na dogon lokaci." Orwell ya kuma soki maganganun siyasa waɗanda ke amfani da salon Latinized mai ƙima yayin da “pad [ding] kowace jumla tare da ƙarin kalmomi [don] ba shi kamanni.”
Wenstrup ya yaba da maganin, yana mai bayyana shi a matsayin "abin ban mamaki" yayin da ya kuma ce, "mun san… Idan allurar ta kasance mai ban mamaki, to me yasa gwamnatoci suka yi ƙarya kuma Shugaba Joe Biden da sauran ma'aikata a ko'ina suna da'awar cewa idan kun ɗauki harbin, ba za ku sami Covid ba? Abin mamaki da gaske shi ne cewa mutane da yawa sun gaskata ƙaryar.
Ruiz ya ce "har yanzu muna fuskantar illolin da ke tattare da wannan matsalar lafiyar jama'a." Ya kara da cewa, "Yaduwan bayanan da ba a sani ba ko kuma rashin fahimta ... ya lalata amincin jama'ar Amurka ga cibiyoyin kiwon lafiyar jama'ar kasarmu da kuma juna." Za mu iya amsa cewa amincewarmu ta lalace ga Ruiz, da sauran wakilai, fiye da juna. Muna biyan albashin ’yan siyasa kuma muna biyan duk lambobi da “distancing” lambobi da tallace-tallace da ramukan takarda da aka samar don ƙirƙira da kiyaye kulle-kulle da tallata rigakafin.
Ruiz ya ce "lalata" da "raguwa" na iya haifar da "rashin bin doka ko gazawar hanyoyin kwantar da hankali inda mutane ke yanke shawarar da ke jefa kansu da iyalansu cikin lahani." Ina tsammanin Orwell zai so ya ga ɓacin rai, “sanya kansu da iyalansu cikin lahani,” a cikin kwandon shara inda yake. Ina mamakin abin da "rashin warkewa" Ruiz ke nufi. Magungunan da jami'an gwamnati suka lalata da kuma sanya ido kan kafofin watsa labarai yayin da suke tura allurar rigakafi tare da Izinin Amfani da Gaggawa?
Benjamin ya kara da cewa, "Akwai mutane da yawa a wajen da ke da babban katon bijimin da ya kara ta'azzara lamarin" amma ya yarda cewa "babu wanda ya kamata a cecesu." Mutane da yawa? Su wa ne? Ina mamaki, "mafi muni" fiye da me? Mutane da yawa da bullhorn daya? Me ake nufi da karin magana, “shi,”?
Orwell ya rubuta, "Harshen siyasa - kuma tare da bambance-bambancen wannan gaskiya ne ga dukkan jam'iyyun siyasa, daga Conservatives zuwa Anarchists - an tsara su don sanya ƙarya ta zama gaskiya da kisa mai mutuntawa da kuma ba da bayyanar da ƙarfi ga iska mai tsabta." Ya buga makalarsa a shekarar 1946. Matsalolin da suka shafi harshen siyasa sun ci gaba kuma sun kara tabarbarewa. Orwell ta bayar da hujjar cewa mawallafi mai ƙwazo, a cikin kowace jimla da ta rubuta, za ta tambayi kanta aƙalla tambayoyi huɗu: "1. Me nake ƙoƙari in faɗi? 2. Waɗanne kalmomi ne za su bayyana shi? Ya ƙara da cewa marubucin kuma zai sake tambayar wasu biyu: “3. Zan iya ƙarasa nan da nan?
Sabbin hotuna da sauƙi, jimloli kai tsaye tare da kalmomi masu sautin yanayi duk suna raya magana da rubutu, a cewar Orwell. Ya ba da shawarar a ci gaba da kiyaye jimla da aka shirya domin “kowace irin wannan furci tana lanƙwasa wani yanki na kwakwalwar mutum.”
"Lokacin da yanayi na gabaɗaya ya yi muni, dole ne harshe ya sha wahala," in ji shi, kuma yanayin gaba ɗaya na shekaru ukun da suka shige ya yi muni. Amma Orwell kuma ya kara da bege lokacin da ya ce, "lalacewar harshen mu yana iya warkewa." Za mu iya tambayar kanmu - ta yaya?
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An buga aikin Christine E. Black a cikin Muryar Dissident, The American Spectator, The American Journal of Poetry, Nimrod International, The Virginia Journal of Education, Friends Journal, Sojourners Magazine, The Veteran, English Journal, Dappled Things, da sauran wallafe-wallafe. An zabi waƙarta don Kyautar Pushcart da Kyautar Pablo Neruda. Tana koyarwa a makarantar gwamnati, tana aiki tare da mijinta a gonarsu, kuma tana rubuta kasidu da labarai, waɗanda aka buga a cikin Adbusters Magazine, The Harrisonburg Citizen, The Stockman Grass Farmer, Off-Guardian, Cold Type, Global Research, The News Virginian, da sauran wallafe-wallafe.
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