A cikin Maris 2012, yayin da shiga cikin wani taro a Prague, na ziyarci Gidan kayan tarihi na Kwaminisanci can. Sun sayar da nau'in tunawa guda ɗaya waɗanda aka kirkira daga tsoffin fastocin farfaganda tare da maye gurbin kalmomin da wani sharhi mai ban tsoro game da gaskiyar rayuwa a ƙarƙashin gurguzu. Na sayi magnetin firiji tare da wata mace mai murmushi rike da wani yanki na wanki a ƙasan kalmomin “Ba za ku iya siyan kayan wanke-wanke ba, amma kuna iya wanke kwakwalwar ku.”
A lokacin ban taba tunanin cewa a karshe zan shaida wankin kwakwalwa da hannu ba. Na yi tunanin cewa dole ne in ziyarci Koriya ta Arewa don ganin jama'a da ke sha'awar wanke kwakwalwa. Koyaya, gwamnatoci da yawa a cikin duniyar dimokuradiyya, waɗanda suka gaza dakatar da yaduwar COVID, sun yi nasara sosai wajen wanke kwakwalen yawancin 'yan ƙasarsu. Wadanda suka kubuta daga sihirin sun yi amfani da tunanin shakku ga farfaganda da firgita.
Kamar dai yadda a Koriya ta Arewa ko Gabashin Turai a ƙarƙashin gurguzu, wankin kwakwale na baya-bayan nan da aka yi a Japan ya samar da abubuwan kallon Alice-in-Wonderland da yawa. Abin da ya fi ban tsoro a gare ni shi ne Marathon Hokkaido. Dubban ’yan gudun hijira da ba sa rufe fuska sun ruga a guje suka wuce gidanmu da ke Sapporo, yayin da ’yan taku kadan daga wurin dubban ’yan kallo da suka rufe fuska suka yi ta murna da su. Wataƙila ba mutane da yawa sun lura da wauta da rashin daidaituwar abin da suke yi ba.
Abin godiya, aƙalla jami'o'in Japan da kuma gwamnatin Har yanzu ba su fara bin umarnin jab ba, kodayake kamfanoni da yawa sun matsa lamba ga ma'aikatan su don samun harbin. Wani mutum da na sani ya tashi zuwa Tokyo don halartar taron allurar rigakafi ga ma'aikatan kamfaninsa. Yayin tambayoyin aiki an tambayi ɗaliban da suka kammala karatun su ko an yi musu allurar ko a'a.
An matsa lamba don bin doka, ɗalibai matasa da yawa da wasu sun fuskanci zazzaɓi mai zafi, ciwon kai, da sauran alamomi daga harbin, suna buƙatar rashin zuwa azuzuwan nawa akai-akai. Tabbas a shekarunsu sun kasance cikin haɗari na gaske daga harbi fiye da yadda suke daga COVID, amma matsananciyar tsoro da daidaitawa galibi suna kawar da duk sauran la'akarin aminci.
Mafiya yawa a cikin kowane rukuni na shekaru a Japan sun shiga cikin firgicin da jami'an gwamnati, kafofin watsa labarai na yau da kullun, da kuma ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya suka haifar. Shekaru uku yanzu ana sanya abin rufe fuska a ko'ina, gami da hanyoyin tsaunuka da wuraren shakatawa na jama'a. Yawan amfani da wankin kwakwalwar da ake yi a nan ya ba ni rai matuka, tun da na shafe tsawon lokaci da kokarina a cikin shekaru talatin da suka wuce wajen koyarwa, bincike, da kuma bincike. rubuce-rubuce game da ilimin tunani mai mahimmanci a Japan.
Tun da dadewa, na gamsu da babban bukatar cusa tunani mai zurfi a tsakanin ɗalibai a nan. A matsayin al'umma mai ra'ayin ra'ayi a al'ada, Japan tana da buƙatu ta musamman ga irin wannan ilimi, gaskiyar da mutanen Japan da kansu suka yarda da ita. Abin baƙin ciki, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan girma tasiri na daidaita siyasa da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar postmodernism sun raunana sadaukar da kai don inganta maganganun hankali a cikin ilimi a Japan da sauran wurare.
An fayyace ma'anar tunani mai mahimmanci ta hanyoyi daban-daban, amma mafi kyawun ma'anar su ne kawai hanyoyi daban-daban na bayyana ra'ayi ɗaya, wanda ke amfani da hukunci na hankali don kimanta iƙirari da bayanai. Robert Ennis ya fassara shi a matsayin "tunanin tunani mai ma'ana wanda ke mai da hankali kan abin da za a yi imani ko yi." A taƙaice, Harvey Siegel ya kira shi "saboda motsa jiki yadda ya kamata" (maimakon motsin rai, taken, maganganun da ba su da tushe, da sauransu). A cikin littafinsa Dalilan Ilmantarwa, Siegel ya ba da dalilai da yawa don ƙaddamar da tunani mai mahimmanci a cikin ilimi, gami da "girmama ɗalibai a matsayin mutane." A aikace wannan yana nufin "ganewa da kuma girmama 'yancin ɗalibin na yin tambaya, ƙalubalanci, da neman dalilai da hujjar abin da ake koyarwa." Siegel ya bambanta wannan hanya tare da yaudara, matsawa, da kuma koya wa ɗalibai, wanda ba ya kula da su da girmamawa.
Babu shakka, ƙarancin girmamawa ga ɗalibai kamar yadda mutane ke bayyana a jami'o'i suna tilasta wa ɗalibai yin alluran da ba dole ba, masu haɗari kan abubuwan da suka dace. Maganin rainin hankali William Spruance a Makarantar Shari'a ta Georgetown saboda rashin yarda da shi ba shakka ba abu ne mai kama da shi a yawancin cibiyoyi. Haka kuma yawancin jami'ai da likitocin da ke tura wa'adin rigakafin ba su nuna wani girmamawa ga masu juriya, masu shakku ba, kamar yadda Aaron Kheriaty ya nuna a cikin Sabon Sabon Mahaukaci.
Haka kuma, kamar yadda Richard Paul wasu kuma sun yi bayani, tunani mai mahimmanci ba wai kawai ƙwarewar dabaru ba ne amma kuma hali ne na hankali, wanda ya haɗa da tawali'u. A matsayin misali ɗaya, zamu iya lura Dr. John Campbell sanannen YouTube, wanda ya canza matsayinsa akan allurar mRNA ta fuskar shaida.
Adadin kishiyar tunani mai mahimmanci - wankin kwakwalwa - an bayyana shi cikin kalmomi marasa daɗi. Likitan hauka dan kasar Holland Mirloo ya kira shi "fyade na hankali," kamar yadda masanin zamantakewa na Faransa ya yi Jacques Elul, wanda ya lakafta shi "fyade na tunani." Haka nan, a cikin littafinsa na gargajiya Wanke Kwakwalwa: Labarin Mazajen Da Suka Kare Shi, Edward Hunter ya kira shi “tunanin kai hari,” wanda ya la’anci shi a matsayin “mafi girman mugunta fiye da kowane irin mugun abu da ke amfani da ƙorafi, ɓacin rai, da zage-zage.” Ya ba da cikakken bayani game da wankin kwakwalwar da aka yi wa yawancin Amurkawa da Burtaniya a lokacin yakin Koriya.
Hannun fasaha dabam-dabam sun haɗa kai don su karya juriya kuma su gyara tunaninsu—ciki har da rashin barci, lalata su da farfaganda, cin zarafi na jiki, yanke su daga fursunoni ’yan’uwansu da wasu hanyoyin samun bayanai, da kuma jawo musu laifi don rashin haɗin kai da kuma ɗauka cewa “masu aikata laifukan yaƙi ne.” Gabaɗaya, Hunter ya bayyana dabarun wanƙar ƙwaƙwalwa a matsayin "matsi, gami da kamawa ko tsare gida, keɓewa daga tushen bayanan waje, tambayoyi, tabbataccen ƙima da maimaitawa ta ƙungiyoyin ma'aikatan tunani."
A ɗan ƙarami yayin firgicin COVID, mutane da yawa sun sami irin wannan gimmicks ta hanyar tantancewa, maimaita mantras kamar "Kaɗai Tare," da kuma cin zarafin waɗanda ba su da haɗin kai. A cikin mafi yawan 2021 da 2022, mutum ba zai iya tafiya ta cikin garin Sapporo na karkashin kasa ko tsarin jirgin karkashin kasa ba tare da ci gaba da bama-bamai tare da gargadin tsarin PA don "sa abin rufe fuska" da kiyaye "nusan zamantakewa" (a zahiri an yi amfani da kalmar Ingilishi ba tare da fassara ba). Kwanan nan wadannan hare-haren da ake kaiwa kunnuwa da tunanin mutum a karshe ya zo karshe.
Shin wankin kwakwalwa yana da tasiri sosai, ko da a cikin al'ummomin da ba su da 'yanci? A bayyane yake, haka ne. Yawancin mutane a Japan sun kasance suna samun alluran rigakafi tare da yin kira ga wasu da su yi haka, duk da rashin tasirinsu game da kamuwa da cuta da kuma mummunan illa.
Abin takaici, aikace-aikacen irin wannan wankin ƙwaƙwalwa na iya yin tasiri na dogon lokaci akan ƙarfin tunanin waɗanda abin ya shafa. A cikin littafinsa Ƙungiyar Fasaha Jacques Ellul ya annabta ɗabi’a mai yaɗuwa ga ruɗi na gama-gari, wanda a cikinsa “ƙirƙirar sha’awa ta gama-gari ta hana masu ilimi da hankali . . .
Ta yaya mutane za su iya tsayayya da ikon wanke kwakwalwa? Yana ba da wasu bege, littafin Hunter musamman yana ba da haske ga abubuwan da suka ƙware na waɗanda suka yi nasarar tsayayya wa wankin ƙwaƙwalwa. Irin waɗannan mutane sun yi nasarar kiyaye wasu tsaftataccen tunani da kuma ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙƙwara yayin da suke kallon magudi da mugun hali na masu garkuwa da su da shakku. Wani ya yi sharhi, "Gaskiyar cewa sun yi amfani da karfi don bayyana ra'ayoyinsu yana nufin karya suke yi."
Irin waɗannan mutane sau da yawa ba su kasance masu ƙwarewa ta musamman ba. Yawancin bakar fata bakar fata POWs da ke da kishin addini sun kasance daga cikin jarumtaka da jarumtaka, duk da cewa masu garkuwa da su sun yi kokarin yin kira ga abubuwan da suka samu na rashin adalci na launin fata a Amurka don su ci amanar kasarsu. Maimakon haka, sun yi addu'a da rera waƙoƙi.
Hakika, Hunter ya lura, "Ba tare da yanke hukunci ba, wani mutum ya kasance yumɓu mai laushi a hannun Reds. Ban taɓa jin labarin da wani wanda ba tare da wani hukunci ba ya iya yin tsayayya da wanke kwakwalwa." A kwanakin nan za mu iya gode wa ’yan Adam da yawa (har ma da Wasu) waɗanda ke da imani mai ƙarfi, waɗanda ba a yi su da “launi mai laushi ba.”
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Bruce Davidson farfesa ne a fannin ilimin ɗan adam a Jami'ar Hokusei Gakuen a Sapporo, Japan.
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