Mutane sun kasance suna sha'awar rashin mutuwa koyaushe. Yayin da manyan nasarorin da aka samu a fannin kula da lafiya sun yi tasiri tsawon rayuwa, wannan sau da yawa ya zo tare da farashin tare da cututtuka na kullum dangantawa da tsufa, kamar cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, ciwon daji, nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 (T2DM), hauhawar jini, da ciwon hauka kamar cutar Alzheimer da Parkinson.
Gaskiyar "manufar wasan" ita ce samun dogon koshin lafiya tare da sakaci hankali. Wannan yana nufin rashin nazarin halittu tsufa, kamar rage raguwar aiki a cikin gabobin jiki da lafiyar jiki gabaɗaya, jinkirta asarar damar haihuwa, da jinkirta haɗarin mutuwa tare da ci gaban shekaru. Abin da muke so shi ne tsawaita matasa, ba tsufa ba. Don cimma hakan, za mu iya fara tura ambulaf ɗin don haɓaka tsawon rayuwar lafiya.
tsufa a matakin salula An ƙaddara ta hanyar ƙimar salon salula na lalacewa tare da adadin gyara. Tarin lalacewar da ke da alaƙa da tsufa yana bayyana kamar yadda ƙwayoyin sel ba su “haɓaka daidai” a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar gama gari waɗanda ke samar da kyallen jikin gabbai, kamar ciwon daji.
A cikin mutane masu lafiya, ana sarrafa tarin lalacewa ta hanyar apoptosis, wanda ke sarrafa mutuwar tantanin halitta, da ingantaccen tsarin kula da salon salula ciki har da. autophagy da mitophagy; “ci, wargajewa, da sake yin amfani da su” na ɓangarori na ciki (intracellular) da suka lalace (kwayoyin halitta). Glucose mai gina jiki da insulin hormone suna sarrafa ingancin salon salula. Kulawar cikin salula yana ba da damar kashe ƙwayoyin da ba su da inganci da guba daga garke. A tsawon lokaci ikon tantanin halitta na haifar da apoptosis ya zama mai rauni, yana ba da damar tabarbarewar sannu a hankali don shiga ta ƙarƙashin radar. A tsawon lokaci, da tarawa daga cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin da ba su da aiki a cikin gabobin jiki suna haɓaka haɓakar cututtuka.
Mutane kwayoyin halitta ne masu yawa waɗanda a cikinsu lafiyayyun ƙwayoyinmu ke aiki tare. Domin samun tsayi lafiya tsawon rayuwa, sel ɗinmu ba dole ne kawai su rayu ba, amma dole ne su yi aiki daidai. Kwayoyin ciwon daji suna da tsayi kuma suna iya maimaitawa mara iyaka; duk da haka, suna guje wa apoptosis, kuma sun zama son kai na farko, koma baya zuwa ga dabi'un kwayoyin halitta guda daya. Burin mu shine mu kiyaye mafi kyawun aikin gabobin jiki, muna tabbatar da kanmu tsawon lokaci tsawon lafiya tare da rashin kulawa da hankali kuma watakila taɓawa na dawwama.
Mitochondria su ne intracellular gabobin; Wadannan kwayoyin halitta sune sauran kwayoyin protobacteria, wanda ya samo asali daga proteobacterium wanda ya zo ya zauna a cikin kwayar halitta wanda aka samo asali na archaeal wanda ya fi kusa. dangane da Asgard archaea (wani rukuni na tsoffin kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya da aka gano kwanan nan). A taƙaice, wani tsohowar ƙwayoyin cuta na waje guda ɗaya ta zo rayuwa a cikin sel waɗanda daga baya suka samo asali a cikinmu. Asgardian endocytosed proteobacteria ya samo asali zuwa mitochondria; ta hanyar tsarin da ake kira endosymbiosis su biyun sun zama masu dogaro da juna. Yanzu suna tallafa mana kuma muna goyon bayansu. Kwayoyin mu, tare da mitochondria da sauran gabobin da ke cikin su, ana kiran su 'eukaryotic' cell.
Mitochondria suna da nasu kwayoyin halitta; DNA madauwari polycistronic, yayin da matrix membranes na ciki suna da wadata a cikin phospholipid. cardiolipin. Duk waɗannan fasalulluka na gama gari ne ga ƙwayoyin cuta kuma ba ga DNA ɗin eukaryotic na eukaryotic da sauran gabobin dabbobi masu yawa ba, ban da waɗanda ke narkewar mitochondria. Mitochondria yana haifar da mafi yawan abubuwan dorewarmu makamashi alhali kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen hallaka ga yawancin sel mu. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda amfani da iskar oxygen da suke yi don karya abubuwan gina jiki, don kama makamashi da adana shi a cikin kwayoyin da ke ɗauke da makamashi ATP. Bukatar su (da haka mu) da amfani da iskar oxygen duka suna ba da rai da lalata; Cikakken oxidation na glucose yana haifar da ƙarin lalacewar oxidative fiye da oxidising fatty acids, kuma a cikin tsari yana haifar da wuce haddi. superoxide, wani nau'i na oxygen tare da ƙarin electron wanda ake kira free radical.
Mitochondria kuma yana haifar da hydrogen peroxide, iri ɗaya da ake samu a cikin magudanar ruwa na gidanku, duk da cewa yana da ƙarancin maida hankali. Matsakaicin ƙananan matakan haɓaka na nau'ikan iskar oxygen (ROS) suna cutar da ƙwayoyin mu. Samun daidaituwa tsakanin "ƙona" glucose ko fatty acids da ke buƙatar oxygen don samar da makamashi ga jikinmu (mai kyau) da kuma samar da abubuwa masu lalata (mara kyau), shine cutar hawan jini, kamar "Goldilocks zone." ROS guba shi ne babban dan wasa a cikin tsufa, kamar yadda ya yi yawa rage tsawon lafiya da tsawon rayuwa.
Yawancin ROS a cikin sel shine samar ta hanyar mitochondria. Wasu adadin ya zama dole don kiwon lafiya, yayin da wuce haddi ya haifar da lalacewa; sake, wannan yana buƙatar ma'auni ko hormesis. ROS kuma sune mitochondrial-sigina kwayoyin halitta, sadarwa zuwa tsakiya kuma canzawa gene magana. Wannan ya haifar da tambaya; me ke tukawa halin salula, kwayoyin a tsakiya, ko siginar mitochondrial? Dama adadin na ROS yana haifar da samar da sababbin mitochondria mafi koshin lafiya, yawan ROS yana ƙaruwa lalacewa a kan gyara, tara mitochondria mai guba mai guba. Kwayoyin cutar daji kullum sun lalace mitochondria; Hakanan ana samun irin wannan a cikin cututtukan zuciya, Alzheimer, da cututtukan Parkinson, da yawancin cututtukan da muka yarda da su a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsufa.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, za mu iya samar da makamashi daga mai ko daga glucose (sukari) ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar mitochondria. Adadin bayyanar da glucose (mafi yawa daga tushen abinci da kuma sanyawa da ɓoyewa cikin jini ta hanta) yana da mahimmanci wajen cimma wannan daidaito tsakanin mitochondria yana taimakawa ko cutar da mu. Ana samar da insulin don amsawa ga cin abinci na carbohydrate (sukari irin su glucose, sitaci, da sucrose), haɓaka sha (da amfani) na glucose ta sel da mitochondria da rage ƙona mai (beta-oxidation da ketosis na gaba).
Don sauƙaƙa, yawanci muna amfani da ko dai glucose daga carbohydrates don samar da makamashi tare da mitochondria, ko fatty acid daga abinci ko ƙwayoyin kitsen mu, ko ketones daga rushewar mai, don samar da makamashi ta hanyar madadin hanyar rayuwa, wanda ake kira ketosis.
Ƙuntataccen adadin kuzari (halitta carbohydrate) a cikin yisti, tsutsotsi na nematode, da mice zuwa primates suna ƙaruwa lifespan tare da tsawon lafiya ta hanyar haifar da ketosis. Yana sa insulin ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa don ƙyale ketogenesis (samfurin daga beta-oxidation, kona mai) ya faru. Ƙunƙarar mai-ƙonawa yana haifar da samar da kwayoyin halitta da ake kira jikin ketone, galibi ta hanta (haɗuwar endogenous).
Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan jikin ketone shine beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), wanda aka samo daga fatty acids wanda ke zuwa ko dai daga ƙwayoyin kitsen mu ko kuma daga abinci. Ketone BHB man fetur ne da kwayoyin sigina, haddasawa mitochondria da kuma tsakiya don daidaitawa zuwa metabolism metabolism. Abincin kwaikwayo na azumi kamar ciyarwar da aka iyakance lokaci, da ƙarancin abinci mai ƙarancin carbohydrate / mai mai lafiya (wanda kuma aka sani da abinci na ketogenic) suma suna haifar da ketosis ba tare da himma ba. kalori ƙuntatawa.
Wadannan abincin suna da yawa fats lafiya (kamar kitsen dabbobi) da ƙarancin sukari/carbohydrate sitaci ke haifar da rage insulin da glucose da yawan ketones (BHB) a cikin jini. A tsawon lokaci wannan yana haifar da injin intracellular canje-canje, canjawa jiki ta metabolism to fueling kanta yafi kashe mai da ketones maimakon sukari (glucose). Ketosis yana ƙara ayyukan kiyaye gida na ciki, yana ba sel damar cirewa da maye gurbin gabobin da suka lalace. Hakanan yana ba da ƙarin lokaci don bincika DNA ta hanyar sunadaran gidan DNA waɗanda ke da ikon hana yaɗuwar kurakuran kwafin DNA cikin ƙwayoyin 'ya'ya, don haka rage ciwon daji da sauran cututtukan da suka shafi shekaru. An nuna ketosis yana riƙe da alamar elixir zuwa a mafi koshin lafiya idan ba tsawon rai ba.
Sabanin haka, yawan abincin carbohydrate, samar da glucose ta hanyar sitaci carbohydrates kamar burodi, taliya, shinkafa, masara, da sucrose da ake samu a cikin sugar cane, babban fructose masarar syrup, sukari kwakwa, 'ya'yan itace, da zuma, duk suna motsa ƙwayar insulin. Hyperinsulinemia na tsawon lokaci yana ƙara haɗarin ci gaban cutar Alzheimer, malignancies, cututtukan zuciya da nada T2DM. Duk da yake insulin yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwa, yawan insulin (saboda waɗannan manyan abinci na carbohydrate) yana haifar da hyperinsulinemia, wanda ke da alaƙa da cututtuka na yau da kullun da tsufa. Ana nuna raguwar buƙatar insulin don ƙara tsawon lafiya da rayuwa. Insulin kuma yana haifar da sel suyi kwafi da sauri, yana rage tsayawa don dubawa ingancin kwafin DNA, yana gaya wa sel cewa abinci yana da yawa kuma saboda haka "babu buƙatar kiyaye jirgin ruwa."
insulin shine hormone tsufa, kuma tsarin cin abinci wanda ke haifar da fitar da insulin da yawa akai-akai ya hana ikon mu na samarwa ketones, ciki har da BHB. Insulin yana hana ketogenesis (samuwar ketone), yana hana mu BHB's anti-tsufa Properties. The endogenous samar da bhb ba, mai karfi antioxidant wanda kai tsaye neutralises free radicals da ROS, an nuna inganta da kuma hana cututtuka na yau da kullum da ke hade da yanayin tsufa. Don haka, za mu iya sarrafa yawancin tsufanmu ta zaɓin abincinmu. Ketones irin su BHB ana samar da su ne lokacin da ba mu wuce gona da iri da buƙatun insulin ba ta zaɓin abincinmu.
Sau da yawa ana shawarce mu mu ci abinci don ci gaba da kuzari da lafiyarmu. Koyaya, ƙila kaɗan kaɗan yana haifar da ɗan ƙari game da tsawon lafiya da tsawon rayuwa, kuma a maimakon haka kalori ƙuntatawa, za mu iya bio-hack ta hanyar ko dai cin yadda muke so sau ɗaya a rana, ko kuma ci abinci marasa motsa jiki na insulin. Yin duka biyun zai ƙara haɓaka tasirin su. Sakamakon daidai yake da azumi da ƙuntatawar kalori, karancin insulin, Da kuma fiye da ketones, bi da bi fassara zuwa mafi koshin lafiya Kwayoyin, lafiya ku, da kuma damar da za a gane iyakar tsawon rayuwar ku.
Mahadar don ba da gudummawa don tallafa wa binciken Isabella D. Cooper a cikin ilimin halittar jiki na tsufa, cututtuka masu dangantaka da shekaru, da kuma tsawon rai a Jami'ar Westminster, UK. Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin bincike na ilimi a cikin abinci da yanki na rayuwa wanda ba shi da tallafin masana'antar abinci. Kashi ɗari bisa ɗari na kuɗaɗen bayar da gudummawa suna zuwa ga bincike na tushen dakin gwaje-gwaje, tare da asarar kuɗi sifili ga farashin gudanarwa.
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Isabella D. Cooper ƙwararriyar gwaji ce ta ɗan adam mai binciken Doctoral. Ta jagoranci dakin gwaje-gwaje a Jami'ar Westminster tana aiwatar da bincike a kowane mataki daga in vivo, zuwa ex vivo da binciken in vitro. Ta yi karatun kimiyyar halittu da ilimin likitanci, ta mai da hankali kan ilimin halittar tsufa, ketosis, hyperinsulinemia, da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da tsufa. Isabella's PhD ya bayyana farkon cikakken bakan na rayuwa, endocrine, lipidology LDL martani da extracellular vesicles phenotypes, a cikin giciye-sama na asibiti gwaji tare da mahalarta a daban-daban na rayuwa jihohin. Ta buga ma'aunin gwajin gwaji don nau'ikan phenotypes na rayuwa kuma an rarraba su kuma suna cutar Hyperinsulinemia-Osteofragilitus. Ita 'yar uwa ce ta Royal Society of Biology da Endocrine Society tare da BSc (Hons) a cikin Biochemistry tare da Kiwon Lafiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Jiki, Kwayoyin Halitta, Ci gaban Kwayoyin Halitta da Halittar Ciwon daji, da nasarorin ilimi da yawa gami da lambar yabo ta UK 2019 Biochemical Society Award.
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David Bell, Babban Masanin Kimiyya a Cibiyar Brownstone, likitan lafiyar jama'a ne kuma mai ba da shawara kan ilimin halittu a cikin lafiyar duniya. David tsohon jami'in kiwon lafiya ne kuma masanin kimiyya a Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), Shugaban Shirin Malaria da cututtukan zazzabi a Gidauniyar Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND) a Geneva, Switzerland, kuma Daraktan Fasahar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya a Asusun Kula da Lafiya na Duniya na Intellectual Ventures a Bellevue, WA, Amurka.
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