A farkon shekarun 1920, rediyo sun kasance masu tsada, dole ne a sami na'urori na yau. Kuma kamar yadda duk kayan kasuwa masu canzawa suke, sun fara tsada kawai don RCA (Apple na lokacinsa) don yin gama gari abin da ya kasance abin alatu. Bayan shekaru ɗari, waɗanda ke da damar intanet za su iya sauraron tashoshin rediyo a duniya kyauta. Yadda abubuwa ke canzawa.
Ci gaban jari-hujja kamar rediyo ya zo a zuciya yayin da yake tunanin Ben Bernanke ana ba shi wani yanki na lambar yabo ta Nobel. Bernanke ya yi imanin ci gaban tattalin arziki yana haifar da hauhawar farashin. Kamar yadda ya gaya wa wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Cato Ed Crane a cikin 2005 yayin cin abincin rana ɗaya-ɗaya, haɓaka shine "farashi a zahiri."
A gaskiya, akasin haka ne. Ci gaban tattalin arziki sakamakon saka hannun jari ne, kuma saka hannun jari duk game da samar da ƙari ne yayin da farashin ke ci gaba da faɗuwa. Duk kayan da muke sha'awar, tun daga motoci, zuwa kwamfuta, zuwa rediyo, suna farawa daga hanci mai tsada kawai don raguwar farashi yayin da saka hannun jari a cikin ingancin samarwa ya rage farashin su. Ka tabbata cewa a rayuwar Bernanke, jirgin na sirri zai zama gama gari.
Wannan ita ce hanyar abubuwa a cikin duniyar gaske wanda Bernanke ke hulɗa da su. Ka yi tunanin ɗaya daga cikin fuskokin zamani na tattalin arziƙi na gaskata haɓaka yana haifar da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki. Mafi muni, la'akari da babbar ma'anar duk waɗannan. Bernanke yana da alaƙa da ra'ayi na ƙarya cewa tattalin arzikin ƙasa yana iyakance ta hanyar samar da aiki da ƙarfin samarwa a cikin iyakokinsu, kuma a sakamakon haka, Bernanke ya yi imanin cewa aikin manyan bankunan tsakiya ne su tsara asarar aiki da jahilci na tattalin arziƙi don kada tattalin arzikin ya “yi zafi.” Duba shi. Haka ne, ya yi imani da wannan abu. A hakikanin gaskiya, kowane kasuwa mai kyau da sabis shine sakamakon aiki na duniya da kayan aiki, kamar yadda ba a taɓa samun yanayin "rabi" a cikin "fitarwa" da ake cika ba.
Idan muka yi watsi da cewa ikon Fed na sarrafa tattalin arzikin zuwa ci gaba ko raguwa yana da yawa, ba za mu iya watsi da cewa masana tattalin arziki kamar Bernanke sun yi imanin cewa bankunan tsakiya na iya kuma ya kamata su sa mutane su kasance cikin aiki don kiyaye hauhawar farashin kaya. Amma duk da haka Bernanke yanzu ya lashe kyautar Nobel. Abin kunya ga masana tattalin arziki, da kuma yadda abin kunya ga Kyautar.
Wanda wasu za su ce ba imaninsa ba ne ga karkataccen tsarin Phillips ne ya ba shi lambar yabo ba, a maimakon haka shi ne “Hassoshin da suka Taimaka a Rikicin Kudi” (ɓangare na Wall Street Journal kanun labarai game da kyautarsa) wanda ya haifar da karramawarsa ta ƙarshe. Daidai isa, a wata ma'ana. Bernanke ya sami lambar yabo bisa "buga na 1983 wanda ya tabbatar da gazawar banki a matsayin mabuɗin don sauya koma bayan tattalin arziki zuwa mafi tsananin bakin ciki na 20th karni.” Matsalar a nan ita ce littafin Bernanke yana da sauƙi a watsar da shi kamar yadda zurfin imaninsa cewa girma yana da raguwar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki.
Lalle ne, kamar yadda aka sani, jari ba shi da iyaka. Ya kasance koyaushe. Muna karɓar kuɗi don abin da za a iya musanya shi da shi, wanda shine tunatarwa cewa kawai iyaka ga bashi shine samarwa. Da fatan za a yi tunani game da wannan tare da imanin Bernanke cewa bankunan gwagwarmaya sun kawo a cikin 1930s. Irin wannan ra'ayi bai dace da mafi mahimmancin bincike ba.
Haka lamarin yake domin ba a ta'allaka kud'i ga bankuna ba, kuma tabbas ba'a iyakance ga bankunan Amurka ba a shekarun 1930. Mafi kyau duk da haka, daidai saboda ƙirƙirar Amurka koyaushe tana da ban sha'awa sosai, Amurka ta daɗe tana jan hankali ga tanadin duniya. An yi amfani da shi a cikin 1930s, koda kuwa gaskiya ne cewa "m" Fed bai cika bankunan da ba su isa ba, gaskiyar ita ce, shigar da babban birnin duniya da kuma hanyoyin da ba na banki na cikin gida ba za su kasance ga abin da ake zargin Fed a tsakanin karin kumallo da abincin rana.
Bernanke ya daɗe yana ɗaukan kansa a matsayin ƙwararren “Babban Ciwon Ciki”, amma bincikensa yana tunatar da mai hankali cewa ya koyi duk darussan da ba daidai ba daga shekaru goma na ci gaba a hankali. Bernanke ya ɓace shine "ɓacin rai" a cikin 1930s ya shiga tsakani na gwamnati.
Yayin da tattalin arzikin Amurka ya fada cikin tsaka mai wuya, zai zama-tattalin arziki-faruwar da aka haifa ta hanyar raguwa (a lokacin raguwa ne mutanen da suka hada da tattalin arziki suke gyara abin da suke yi ba daidai ba), gwamnatocin Hoover da Roosevelt sun amsa harajin rikodi a kan kayayyaki na kasashen waje 20,000, karuwa mai yawa a cikin harajin haraji wanda ya karu daga kashi 25 cikin dari na gwamnati, kashi 83 zuwa kashi 70 na gwamnati. haraji a kan riƙon riƙon kamfani na kashi 59 cikin ɗari, manyan sabbin ƙa'idodi, da rage darajar dala XNUMX%.
Idan aka bari, koma bayan tattalin arziki shine magani. Matsalar ita ce ajin siyasa sun yi ƙoƙarin yin maganin abin da ke da lafiya.
Bernanke ya fadi da karfi don bangaren magani. Ci gaba da sauri zuwa 2008, faɗuwar dala a ƙarƙashin Shugaba George W. Bush mai ban sha'awa ya haifar da abin da Ludwig von Mises ke magana a ciki. Ayyukan Dan Adam a matsayin "jirgin zuwa ainihin." Haka ne, shugabanni suna samun dalar da suke so, Bush yana son mai rauni, kuma faɗuwar dala ta haifar da yawan amfani da gidaje akan saka hannun jari a sabbin dabaru.
Cewa tattalin arzikin Amurka ya ragu sakamakon abubuwan da ke sama ba abin mamaki ba ne. Bugu da ƙari, kasuwannin ba su yi mamakin ba. Yi la'akari da cewa suna aiwatar da duk bayanan da aka sani kuma suna yin hakan. Maimaita shi akai-akai cewa kurakurai sune al'ada a kowace tattalin arziki, kuma suna iya faufau haifar da "rikici." Shiga Bernanke. Tare da "duk abin da ake buƙata" (kalmomin Bernanke) mantra, Shugaban Fed ya ƙudurta yin duk abin da zan iya, tare da abokan aiki na, don ƙoƙarin hana tsarin kuɗi daga narkewa." Amma duk da haka mutane - ciki har da masana tattalin arziki masu zurfin tunani - har wa yau suna zazzage kuncinsu yayin da suke tattaunawa game da "sababban" rikicin 2008! Ba za ku iya gyara wannan ba.
Gaskiyar ita ce, ƴan wasan kasuwa sun kasance minti ɗaya da minti suna farashin kurakurai waɗanda ke cikin ɓangaren kowane gauraye, ko tattalin arzikin kasuwa, kawai don masana kamar Bernanke, Bush, da Henry Paulson don musanya ƙarancin iliminsu ga na kasuwa. Wannan "rikicin" ya biyo bayan sa baki wata magana ce ta zahiri. A takaice dai, Bernanke shine rikicin. Kyakkyawan aiki, kwamitin Nobel.
An sake buga shi daga RealClearMarkets
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John Tamny, Babban Malami a Cibiyar Brownstone, masanin tattalin arziki ne kuma marubuci. Shi ne editan RealClearMarkets da Mataimakin Shugaban kasa a FreedomWorks.
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