Littafin farko da na taɓa karantawa akan manufofin jama'a shine Tausayi Da Laifi. Tarin ginshiƙai na babban Thomas Sowell, shine abin da nake magana akai akai akan duk tambayoyin tattalin arziki zuwa ƙarshen makarantar sakandare, a kwaleji, da kuma bayan haka. Ina da shi har yau, kuma yana sanar da tunanina har yau.
Ta hanyoyi da yawa tarin Sowell shine kallon baya cikin lokaci. Godiya ga intanit, waɗannan nau'ikan tarin ba su zama gama-gari a zamanin yau ba. Wannan abin takaici ne, amma kuma a lokaci guda wasu marubutan sun shahara kuma suna da farin jini har yanzu suna tantance irin wannan bugu. Washington Post Mawallafin marubuci George Will na ɗaya daga cikinsu. Na gode. Tarin kasidunsa na baya-bayan nan, Farin Ciki da Rashin Ciki na Amurka: Torrent 2008-2020 ba komai bane m. Ko da yake ɗan ƙasa da shafuka 500, na karanta shi a cikin ƴan zama don haka ba a iya bayyana shi ba. Kowane ginshiƙi yana da ni ina son ƙarin, wanda ke nufin ƴan dare da farkon safiya a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, mai cike da aiki na kwanaki 8.
A gaba, yana da amfani a rubuta game da mutumin da ya saka Farin cikin Amurka tare. Yayin da sautin littafin ya fi kyakkyawan fata fiye da na Will daidai da kyau amma ƙarancin fara'a Hankalin Conservative, Will ba zai ɓoye raininsa ga wasu sakamakon abin da ba zai musantawa a matsayin ci gaba ba. Ya koka da cewa "Sabbin fasahohin" sun samar da "maganin kalmomi, rubuce-rubuce da magana." Mafi muni, kalmomin da ke cikin tunanin Will suna daɗa “zafi na mutane waɗanda suka gaskata cewa huhu ita ce wurin hikima.”
Littafin Will maganin maganin zance ne a halin yanzu, kuma mafi jin daɗi ga masu karatu masu sha'awar koyo fiye da manufofin shi ne yawancin sharhin Will ya samo asali ne daga manyan littattafan da yake cinyewa da ƙarfi. Kamar yadda ya ce, "Yayin da ake samun ƙarin hayaniya game da sababbin kafofin watsa labaru," "ƙara na gamsu da cewa littattafai sun kasance farkon masu watsa ra'ayoyin." A takaice, wannan mafi kyawun littattafai yana ta hanyoyi da yawa game da littattafai, kuma zai sa mai karatu ya ba da odar kowane irin sababbi bayan karanta sharhin da ya samo asali daga karatun su na Will. Farin cikin Amurka yana koyar da abubuwa da yawa, amma kuma yana kafa mataki don ƙarin koyo.
A cikin gabatarwa, Will ya rubuta cewa "Idan ni mai mulkin kama-karya ne, da zan sanya tarihi ya zama babbar jami'a daya tilo da aka halatta domin samar wa jama'a tarin ilimin da ake bukata domin yin tunani karara kan yadda muka isa a wannan lokacin a cikin labarinmu na kasa." Quip ɗin yana faɗi sosai musamman saboda littafin Will yana ba da ilimi da yawa. Sauƙi mafi kyawun abin da ke da kyau a kan matakan da yawa shine abin da mai karatu zai koya game da duniya, da da kuma yanzu. A wasu kalmomi, yin la'akari da wannan a matsayin littafin siyasa kawai daidai yake da nufin Warren Buffett a matsayin hamshakin attajiri. Masu karatu za su ga dalilin da ya sa haka yake a kashi na farko, Hanyar Zuwa Yau.
A cikin shafi na biyu, "Ƙasar da Mutane Masu Ƙarfi Ba Su Yi ba," Za ta ƙunshi rubuce-rubucen marubucin tarihi Rick Atkinson, da kuma labarinsa na Yaƙin Juyin Juyi. Tunatarwa ce ta yadda rayuwa ta kasance a da. Will ya rubuta cewa “Kwayoyin da ba su dace ba sau da yawa ba su da illa fiye da magungunan gargajiya da ake yi wa waɗanda suka kamu da musket, igwa, da bayoneti. Wadanda suka samu raunuka ne kawai suka samu ‘kunnensu da ulun ɗan rago don su rufe sautin sarewar. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na kallon wannan, amma idan aka yi la'akari da lokutan da muke rayuwa a ciki, abin da Will yake nunawa shine tunatarwa cewa ci gaban tattalin arziki shine babban abokin gaba wanda mutuwa, cututtuka. da zafi sun taba sani.
Wannan yana da mahimmanci idan aka tuna cewa 'yan siyasa na kowane akida sun zaɓi tattalin arziƙin tattalin arziƙi azaman dabarun rage ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin 2020. Don karantawa Farin cikin Amurka shi ne a ga ko da a fili yadda wauta wannan hanya ta kasance. Hakika, har zuwa farkon 20th karni ("Darasi na Rikicin Coronavirus"), "kashi 37 na mutuwar Amurkawa sun kasance daga cututtuka masu yaduwa" fiye da kashi 2 a yau. Kamar yadda Will ya fada a ciki Hankalin Conservative (bita nan), ko da a shekarun 1950 babban abin layi akan kasafin kuɗi na asibiti shine rigar gado. Saurin ci gaba zuwa yanzu, Will ya faɗi mawallafin ilimin lissafi Bill Bryson yana rubutu a ciki Jiki: Jagora ga Mazauna, cewa "Muna rayuwa ne a zamanin da ake kashe mu, sau da yawa fiye da ba, ta salon rayuwa." Fassara ga masu bukatarsa, ci gaban tattalin arziki na ban mamaki ya samar da albarkatun da suka ba da damar likitoci da masana kimiyya su goge ko rage ɗimbin ɗimbin abubuwan rayuwa waɗanda a da suka yi wa masu rai barazana.
Har ma mafi kyau, wannan ci gaban tattalin arzikin ya sami wani tasiri mai kyau ga lafiya. Za ta tuna da Sunetra Gupta ta Oxford (ko kuma ta tuna da Will) lokacin da ya rubuta cewa "Haɗin haɗin kai na duniyar zamani, godiya a wani bangare ga dimokaradiyyar injin jet na tafiye-tafiyen iska tsakanin nahiyoyi, yana hana ɗaukar makaman annoba waɗanda haɗin gwiwar ke sauƙaƙe." A wasu kalmomi, mutanen da ke cin karo da juna daga ko'ina cikin duniya (akasin "nisantawar zamantakewa") sun haifar da babban ci gaba na rigakafin iri-iri a cikin shekaru da yawa. Arziki ya fi koshin lafiya. Lokaci.
Daga baya a ciki Farin cikin Amurka, Zai yi tambaya game da halin da ake ciki a tsakanin direban motar da aka kafa akan Haƙƙin ƙin abin rufe fuska, amma kusan ba shi da mahimmanci. Littafin nasa ya haɗu da ɗigo a zahirin alaƙa tsakanin lafiyar tattalin arziki da lafiyar ɗan adam. Yana tunatar da cewa 'yanci a kan kansa yana da kyau (don kada mu manta, mu mutane ne kasuwa, kuma mu isa ga yanke shawara yana samar da mahimman bayanai), bayan haka mun sani sarai cewa mutane masu 'yanci suna samar da wadatar da ke murkushe abin da zai kashe mu. Amin.
Will's mayar da hankali kan tarihi da yaƙe-yaƙe waɗanda suka tsara tarihi a cikin Hanyar Zuwa Yanzu a sarari koyarwa ta hanyoyin da suka wuce wautar martanin siyasa ga ƙwayar cuta. Akwai hali na kyakyawan yakin da zai ƙi, amma kuma don ɗaukaka matsakaita fiye da na kowa. Ba zai yi nasara ba. Da yake magana a kan “Ƙasar da Mutane Masu Fasa-ƙasa Ba Su Yi ba,” za ta nuna godiya ga ra’ayin “tunani na jin daɗi cewa masu sana’a da masu sana’a sun kasance masu kafa tarihi kamar janar-janar da ’yan siyasa.” A'a, ba haka ba ne. Babu wani abu da ya saba wa matsakaita, amma matsakaicin mutane ba za su taɓa ƙirƙirar wani abu mai haske kamar Amurka ba. A cikin kalmomin Will, "Babu George Washington, babu Amurka." Aiwatar da shi a halin yanzu, yana da daɗi ga ƙwararrun masu ra'ayin jama'a don samun duk kuka game da ƙananan kasuwancin kamar yadda ake zargin "kashin baya" na tattalin arzikin Amurka. Banza.
Game da abin da ke karami, kirga wannan mai bita a matsayin mai girmama yawancin kowane kasuwanci, ba tare da la'akari da girmansa ba. Duk wani kasuwanci wani abu ne na mu'ujiza da aka haifa da babban ƙarfin hali idan aka tuna cewa ɗan kasuwa a cikin Amurka mai wadatar arziki yana ƙoƙarin wani sabon abu akan girman girman kai na wani buƙatu da mafi yawan masu fafutuka a duniya ba su samu ba. A lokaci guda kuma, tafiya ta kowane kantin sayar da kayayyaki ko cibiyar kasuwanci kowace iri yana tunatar da cewa manyan kamfanoni suna ba da rai ga ƙananan da ke kewaye da su. Channeling Will, "Babu Babban Kasuwanci, ba ƙaramin kasuwanci ba."
Mahimmanci, yana da kusan fiye da ƙarami da babba. Babu shakka mafi haɗari nau'in nostalgia shine na nau'in aiki. Shuwagabannin da, a cikin kiyasin Will na hikima, “suka mamaye wayewar kasa har zuwa matakin da ba shi da lafiya,” akai-akai alkawarin dawo da ayyukan da suka gabata. Hanya ce ta raguwa. A cikin "Sakewar Dan Adam Ta Hanyar Bricklaying," mun koyi cewa a cikin 1920s Pittsburgh shine "birni na tara mafi yawan jama'a a Amurka" da sittin da shida a yau. Ba a ƙirƙira ayyuka ba, maimakon haka sakamakon saka hannun jari ne. Zuba jari yana bin mutane. Mutane masu basira, mutanen da ba daidai ba, suna da halin gudu daga halin yanzu da na baya. Sa hannun jari ya sake bi su. Abin da ke sha'awar Pittsburgh a cikin zukatan 'yan siyasa da masu wasan motsa jiki na dopey suna korar masu saka hannun jari. Will ya lura cewa Pittsburgh ya fi yawa "a ajiye wuraren shan taba tare da sake yin kanta game da fasaha da kiwon lafiya," amma raguwar da ta gabata dangane da abin da ta kasance labari ne na taka tsantsan game da tsayawa, ko mafi muni, fashewar tattalin arziki a baya.
Game da gaskiyar da tarihin Pittsburgh ya fada a sarari, darussan ba ga wawayen yan siyasa bane kawai. Fed ya damu da da'awar har yau cewa tarurrukan kasuwannin hannayen jari sune sakamakon ƙirƙirar "kudi" na babban bankin tsakiya. Oh don Allah. Irin wannan ra'ayi yana cin mutuncin dalili, kuma yana ɗauka cewa haɓakawa na yanzu zai faranta wa masu zuba jari kallon zurfin ciki a nan gaba. A'a, ko kadan. Lokacin da nau'ikan kasuwannin 'yanci masu cin gashin kansu suka ɗaure farin ciki na kasuwa ga masu banki na tsakiya ba da gangan ba suna bayyana kansu a matsayin Barack Obama ("ba ku gina wannan ba"), bugun Dama-Wing.
Yake fa? Will ya karanta (kuma kallo) da yawa game da shi, kuma masu karatu za su koyi abubuwa da yawa game da jahannama wanda yake yaƙi Farin cikin Amurka. Game da PBS's Kwarewar Amurka shirin shirin 'Babban Yaƙi,' Zai gaya wa masu karatu su "Kalle shi kuma su yi nasara." Karanta bita na Will game da shi ("Babban Gida na Amurka a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na 1") kuma ku yi nasara kan munin wannan yaƙe-yaƙe marasa mahimmanci. Sa'an nan kuma juya shafin zuwa "The Somme: The Hinge of World War I, and Hence of Modern History," don karanta game da yadda "mafi munin bala'i a cikin kwarewar ɗan adam" shine "incubator na Rasha Kwaminisanci, Nazi Jamus, yakin duniya na biyu," ba tare da ambaton yadda yakin "wannan ƙaramin rafi" da aka sani da kogin Somme ya kashe "sojoji takwas na Birtaniya a kowace dakika" a farkon sa'o'i na Yuli 1916, 19,240, XNUMX da dare.
Me za a ce game da wannan duka? Aƙalla ya kamata a ce tarihin yin amfani da ikon gwamnati ya nuna cewa waɗanda suke aiki a cikinta ba su da tushe na yin wani abu da yawa don amfanin kanku. Almubazzaranci ne, amma gwamnati gazawa ce. Koyaushe. Kuma rashin iya aiki bai takaitu ga jihohi hamsin ba. Duba sama.
Wanne ya kawo mu ga wani muhimmin magana Will ya ba mu daga Calvin Coolidge, wanda yayin da shugaban kasa "ya firgita cewa ci gaban tattalin arziki yana haifar da kudaden shiga mai yawa wanda zai iya sa gwamnati ta fi girma." Za a sake yin magana game da wannan gaskiyar a cikin wannan bita, amma a yanzu ya kamata a ce kashe kuɗin gwamnati shine a haraji. Babban daya. Tattalin arziki tarin mutane ne, kuma fare a nan shi ne cewa mutane kamar Jeff Bezos za su yi aiki da zazzaɓi a farashin haraji daban-daban. Maganar da ta gabata ba tana nufin tabbatar da yawan kuɗin haraji ba (ba komai ba), amma a ce mafi girman shinge fiye da ƙimar haraji ga ayyukan kasuwanci da kasuwanci shine ciyarwar gwamnati (ba tare da la'akari da karkatar da "raguwa" ko "raguwa") kanta ba.
Lokacin da gwamnatoci ke kashe kuɗi, Nancy Pelosi da Mitch McConnell ne aka ba su iko don ware albarkatu masu tamani da Peter Thiel, Fred Smith, da Elon Musk. Kudaden da gwamnati ke kashewa a bayaninta na da ban tausayi na tattalin arziki, wanda a lokacin zai zama da amfani ga masu ikirarin samar da kayayyaki su sake tunanin jin dadinsu game da illolin kudaden shiga mai kyau na rage haraji. Duk da yake yana iya zama gaskiya a zahiri cewa rage yawan haraji yana haifar da karuwar ci ga Baitul-mali, wannan gaskiyar ba ta da inganci ta tattalin arziki ko 'yanci. Wannan bai kamata a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin kira na karin haraji ba, amma kira ne na masu samar da kayayyaki don yin mahimmanci game da kirkiro manufofin gaskiya wanda zai rage yawan haraji yayin da kuma rage kudaden haraji na gwamnatin tarayya.
Wannan ba yana nufin cewa duk kashe-kashen da gwamnati ke kashewa ba lallai ba ne, ko ma ya wuce ka'ida. Tabbas Kundin Tsarin Mulki yana kira ga gwamnatin tarayya ta samar da tsaro na gama gari, kuma abin farin ciki ne don karanta shafi na Will's 2018 mai taken "The Thunderclap of Ocean Venture '81," lissafin littafin John Lehman (Tekuna Ventured: Nasara Cold War a Teku) game da kiran da Ronald Reagan ya yi na faɗaɗa kasancewar jirgin ruwan Naval na Amurka a duk duniya, gami da "kayan jigilar jiragen sama na Amurka da ke aiki a fjords na Norway." Wannan wani abu ne da Soviets ba su kasance a shirye don soja ko kudi ba. Will ya rubuta game da yadda babban ma'aikatan Tarayyar Soviet "ya gaya wa Gorbachev cewa ba za su iya kare yankin arewacin kasar ba tare da kashe kudaden da ake kashewa kan sojojin ruwa da na sama a can." Kamar yadda Will ya ci gaba da rubutawa cikin nasara, "Haka Yakin Cold ya ƙare saboda Reagan ya ƙi yarda da ƙa'idodin cewa ma'aunin soja na Gabas-Yamma ya kasance game da sojojin ƙasa na yau da kullun a tsakiyar Turai."
Duk da haka, masu tawali'u a cikinmu sun gane cewa nasarorin da aka samu ta hanyar kashe kuɗin gwamnati kaɗan ne game da asarar. Game da dogayen yatsu na 'yan siyasa, Will daidai ke ba da sarari da yawa ga ta'addanci wanda ke lalata kadarorin farar hula. Na ƙarshe shine tsarin da gwamnatoci waɗanda ke da albarkatu marasa iyaka ("Philadelphia's 'Room 101'") ke ɗaukar "dukiya ba tare da gwaji ba, kuma mai mallakar kadarorin dole ne ya yi yaƙi mai tsayi, mai rikitarwa, da tsada don dawo da shi." Misalan da Will ya kawo sun fi tayar da hankali, a lokacin da wuya a tambayi me ya sa gwamnati ke zama mai nasara a duk lokacin da ’yan ƙasa suka yi nasara (aka samu, ko saka hannun jari a kamfani mai nasara), suka yi hasarar (duba dukiyar farar hula), ko wani abu a tsakani tare da biyan kuɗi kawai?
Wataƙila ba abin mamaki ba ne ga duk wanda ya karanta wannan bita cewa Will ya kasance mai shakkar ikon gwamnati. Ya fi kowa sha’awar samun karamin shugaban kasa, kuma shuwagabanni ba sa sha’awar matsalolinmu ko kadan, amma burinsa na samun karamar Jiha bai takaitu ga Shugaban kasa ba. Haka kuma za a so a rage martabar gwamnati a matakin jiha da kananan hukumomi. Inda da gaske ya shiga gida shine a cikin tattaunawarsa na Mississippian Joey Chandler ("'Lalacewa' da Kwaskwarima na takwas"); Chander yana rayuwa a gidan yari saboda wani kisan kai da aka yi lokacin yana karami. Will ba zai ba da uzuri ga abin da Chandler ya yi ba kamar yadda ya yi imanin cewa mutane suna da ikon gyarawa. Will ba ya ba da uzuri na munanan ayyuka kamar yadda a bayyane yake cewa ya yi watsi da girman-daya-daidai-duk doka kamar yadda masu tunanin tattalin arziki ke kyamaci-daidai-daidai-duk ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi. A kiyasin Will Chandler ya canza fiye da da yawa tun lokacin da wani babban kuskure da aka aikata a cikin samari, ya kara da cewa Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 8th Akwai gyara don kare ɗan ƙasa daga "zalunci da sabon hukunci," amma tsarin shari'a na Mississippi yana amfani da ikonsa don yin watsi da gyaran. Kamar yawancin masu sassaucin ra'ayi, Will da alama yana son ƙarin fafutuka a cikin ma'aikatar shari'a ta tarayya ta yadda ake ɗaukaka ma'anar Kundin Tsarin Mulki a kai a kai azaman hanyar iyakance ikon gwamnatocin jihohi da na ƙananan hukumomi don aiwatar da ainihin sakamakon rayuwar ɗan adam. Abin baƙin ciki, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci a cikin 2019 don hana Chandler koken "neman kotu ta sake duba kararsa." Ba zai yarda da hukuncin Kotun Koli ba, kuma ra'ayi a nan yana da kyakkyawan dalili. Idan har wadanda ke cikin gwamnati a matakin tarayya ba su taka rawar gani wajen kare haƙƙin ɗaiɗaikunmu ba, to hankalinsu ya tashi.
Game da gerrymandering ("Kotu da Siyasar Siyasa"), Will ya rubuta cewa "siyasa ce kamar lemun tsami." Inda abin ya fi ban sha'awa shi ne lokacin da ya ba da batun cewa "Tsarin mulki ya yi shiru game da iyaka kan ayyukan sake rarraba jam'iyyar na majalisar dokoki kuma ya fito fili game da ikon keɓantaccen ikon Majalisa don gyara waɗannan ayyukan." Duk da wannan, ya yi kira da a kame a nan. Tare da wuyar jayayya-tare da dalili: "Idan har kotu ta ba da wani yanki na wannan iko ga kanta, hukuncin da aka yanke, wanda aka yi bayan kowace ƙidayar shekara ta shekara, zai zama manyan dokoki da suka taso daga rashin jin daɗi na bangaranci game da shirye-shiryen sake rarraba jihohi." Sakamakon zai zama siyasa mafi girma na Kotun Koli, musamman a idanun 'yan bangaranci, kamar yadda "sunanta a matsayin cibiyar da ba ta siyasa ba za ta ci gaba da lalacewa."
A kan batun kimiyya, Will abin farin ciki ne. Shakkunsa game da gwaninta da manyan martani na manufofin sakamakon gwaninta da aka bayyana yana da daɗi da yawa don karantawa. Ya yi ƙaulin wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel a shekara ta 1998 Robert Laughlin (“The Pathology of Climatology”) yana lura da cewa lalata duniyar duniya “ya fi sauƙi a yi tunanin fiye da yadda ake cim ma. Akwai fashe-fashe masu yawa, tasirin meteor, da ‘dukkan cin zarafi fiye da duk abin da mutane za su iya yi, kuma har yanzu yana nan. Yana da mai tsira. Oh wow, mun kasance ƙanana kuma marasa daraja. Aƙalla haka wannan mai bita ke karanta nazarin Will. Komawa ga Laughlin, "ƙasar ba ta damu da ɗayan waɗannan gwamnatoci ko dokokinsu ba." Ee! Girman kai na yunkurin dumamar yanayi yana da ban mamaki. Abin mamaki kamar yadda mu ’yan Adam, mu ne tururuwa na karin magana a kan babbar giwa a baya, har ma na karshen yana iya yin watsi da muhimmancinmu ga lafiyar duniya.
An sami rashin jituwa? Nan da can. A cikin "Crises and the Collectivist Temptation," akwai jimillar yarjejeniya tare da Will cewa "tashin hankali na gwamnati" tabbas "ya tsawaita ɓacin rai na shekaru goma sha biyu," amma jimlar rashin jituwa cewa ya dade "har sai an gama gyara shi." Da yake ishara da maganar Calvin Coolidge daga baya a cikin wannan bita, “ya firgita cewa ci gaban tattalin arziki yana samar da kudaden shiga da ya wuce kima wanda zai iya sa gwamnati ta yi girma.” Gwamnatoci ba za su taɓa haɓaka haɓaka tare da kashe kuɗi daidai ba saboda kashe kuɗin su koyaushe kuma a ko'ina ne sakamakon ayyukan tattalin arziƙin haraji. Shahararriyar ra'ayin cewa rabon albarkatun siyasa ya kawo ƙarshen rashin tattalin arziƙin dangi (bisa ƙa'idodin duniya, tattalin arzikin Amurka na 1930 yana haɓaka) ya kai kirga sau biyu. Mafi muni, yana watsi da tsoro wanda shine yaki, tsoro wanda Will da kansa bai yi watsi da shi ba. Fiye da Amurkawa 800,000 sun hadu da wuri a ƙarshen yakin duniya na biyu, ban da miliyoyin miliyoyin da suka mutu da wuri a duniya. Tattalin arzikin da ke rufe shi ne tattalin arzikin duniya, kuma abin da ke kashe rayuwar dan Adam wanda ba shi da tattalin arziki a kodayaushe yana dagula tattalin arziki. Haɓakar da ba a gani ga tattalin arziƙin duniya ba ya nan wannan ɓarna na ɓarna na “Babban Yaƙi” da wahala a fahimta, amma yana da kyau a ce Amurka da duniya za su fi wadata a yau idan yakin duniya na biyu bai taɓa faruwa ba. Samar da makami, lalata dukiya, raunata da kisa ba su ‘yantar da mu daga shekarun 1930 ba.
Zai ɓata lokaci mai kyau akan ilimin jami'a, kuma ba shakka abubuwan da ba su da daɗi na nau'ikan Lefty waɗanda ke da alama sun yi fushi da komai. Wannan ba don a sanya shakku kan sahihancin misalan yara ƙanana ba, amma a ce waɗannan misalan sun ba da mamaki a kiyasina domin suna da ɗan wuya. Ziyarci wuraren karatun koleji a yau shine lura da cewa yara iri ɗaya ne kamar yadda suka taɓa kasancewa: suna can don yin abokai, saduwa da budurwa da samari, suna jin daɗi da yawa, kuma suna fitowa galibi cikin shekaru huɗu daga baya tare da ayyukan yi. Yara suna lafiya.
Dangane da tsadar karatun koleji, Will ya buga misali da Glenn Reynolds mai ƙwaƙƙwalwa da ƙwaƙƙwaransa cewa tallafin da gwamnati ke bayarwa na ilimin kwaleji ya haifar da haɓakar koyarwa. Ba tare da kare hannun gwamnati a cikin ilimin kwaleji na ko da daƙiƙa guda ba, ra'ayi a nan shi ne cewa 'yancin ya zarce tasirin karatun, musamman a tsakanin manyan kwalejoji da jami'o'i. Shaidar da ke goyan bayan wannan da'awar ta fito ne daga tsadar karatu a manyan makarantu masu zaman kansu a duk faɗin Amurka Sun yi tashin gwauron zaɓe cikin shekaru da yawa kuma, ba tare da tallafin tarayya ba. Zuwa babban digiri ilimin kwaleji yana da tsada sosai a jihar saboda yana iya zama; saboda kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka manyan fadoji ne da mutane masu hannu da shuni a duniya ke so.
Duk da haka, quibbles ne ƙanana. A kan batun abin da ya fitar da mu daga cikin Babban Bala'in, ya kamata a jaddada cewa ra'ayi na canji. Wannan littafi ne mai tasowa. Yawa kamar Hankalin Conservative ya kasance abin ban mamaki mai ban sha'awa kuma mai ba da labari, ya fi gloomier. Tare da Farin cikin Amurka, akwai ma'anar cewa Will da kansa ya fi farin ciki game da duniya. Wannan ba yana nufin yana jin daɗin inda karin maganar “mu” muke gabaɗaya ba (duba gabatarwar), amma wannan ƙwaƙƙwaran ba na wanda ya ga Amurka tana raguwa ba. Akwai misalai da yawa da ke goyan bayan ikirari na baya, amma wanda ya fi fice ya fito ne daga “An Illinois Pogrom,” wanda Will ya sake duba wani littafi na Jim Rasenberger (Amurka 2008) wanda ya hada da wani labari mai ban tsoro, maraice da yawa, farar fata-da-baki, sata, da duka a matsayin martani ga zargin fyade na karya da wata farar fata ta yi game da wani bakar fata. Game da wannan bala'i mai nau'i-nau'i da yawa da ya faru a Springfield, IL, Will cikin kyakkyawan zato ya lura cewa "duk ya faru a cikin nisan tafiya inda, a cikin 2007, Barack Obama ya sanar da takararsa na shugaban kasa." Game da sanarwar Obama kusan shekaru 100 bayan abubuwan ban tsoro da aka bayyana a cikin labarinsa, Will ya lura cewa "ya kwatanta muhimmin alkawari na tarihi, wanda ba natsuwa ba - cewa ci gaba ba makawa ne - amma yuwuwa, wanda ya isa. Abubuwa ba koyaushe suke kamar yadda suke ba." A'a, ba su da. Nostaljiya tana gurgunta tattalin arziki, kuma a ƙasa kamar Amurka, gurgunta rayuwa ce. Yana da almubazzaranci. Abin da waɗanda ba su yi sa'ar zama Ba'amurke ba za su bayar don samun matsalolinmu.
a cikin wata Wall Street Journal hira game da Farin cikin Amurka, An tambayi Will game da shafin da ya fi so a ciki. Yana da "Jon Will a Arba'in," wanda ke game da babban ɗansa mai ciwon Down syndrome. Labarin Will na rayuwar ɗansa, da kuma yadda aka yi rayuwa mai kyau ya wuce haɓakawa. Bai bar iyakokin da aka haife shi ba tare da hana shi neman rayuwa mai girma da farin ciki, gami da aiki ga ƙaunataccensa na Washington Nationals wanda "ya shiga gidan kulab ɗin sa'o'i kaɗan kafin lokacin wasa kuma ya yi aiki ko biyu." Jon Will yana halartar kowane wasan gida na 'yan ƙasa "a wurin zama a bayan 'yan wasan gida," Jon Will "wani mutum ne kawai, giya a hannu, tsakanin masu daidaitawa a cikin jamhuriyar ƙwallon kwando." Kuma ba irin bayanin da mahaifinsa ya yi wa dansa ba ne ya motsa. ginshiƙan Wills game da Ciwon Ciwon Ciwon Halittu zai sa kowane uwa da uba da ke wanzuwa da masu zuwa su sake yin tunanin al'adar gama-gari na riga-kafin cutar. Daga cikin ginshikan wannan babban littafi, waɗannan sune waɗanda na fi magana a kai tare da matata, wadda ita ce mahaifiyar yaranmu biyu. Lokacin da aka gama wannan bita ta yadda zan iya mika mata wannan muhimmin littafi, waɗannan za su zama ginshiƙan farko da ta karanta.
Wannan mafi kyawun litattafai yana ƙarewa tare da lissafin ɓarna na abin da yake kama da kira ga jami'an agajin gaggawa (CACO) a cikin sojoji, waɗanda su ne mutanen da ake tuhuma da barin 'yan uwa su sani da farko game da mutuwar ƙaunatattun. A ce yana da ƙarfi yana kawo sabon ma'ana ga rashin fahimta, bayan haka na sirri ne. Will yana da dogon lokaci kuma ba makawa mataimaki ga wane Farin cikin Amurka aka sadaukar, Sarah Walton, ta sami ɗayan waɗannan kira bayan an kashe mijinta (Laftanar Colonel Jim Walton, West Point Class na 1989) a Afghanistan a 2008. Oh wow, yana da zafi. Me kuma mai karatu zai iya cewa?
Abin da kawai za a iya faɗi shi ne abin da wannan mai bitar ya faɗa akai-akai tun bayan buɗe wannan littafi mai ban mamaki kwanaki takwas da suka wuce: yana da kyau sosai. m. Ina bakin cikin ganin karshensa. A cikin wadannan kwanaki takwas na dauke shi tare da ni domin ina so mutane su yi tambaya game da shi da bege cewa zan iya gaya musu game da wani littafi da ba za su iya yiwuwa ba su so.
An sake fitowa daga marubucin Shafin Forbes
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John Tamny, Babban Malami a Cibiyar Brownstone, masanin tattalin arziki ne kuma marubuci. Shi ne editan RealClearMarkets da Mataimakin Shugaban kasa a FreedomWorks.
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