Kotun koli ta Vermont ta yanke hukuncin cewa ‘yan kasa ba su da wata hujja ta shari’a idan jami’an makarantar gwamnati suka yi wa ‘ya’yansu rigakafin gwaji da suka saba wa bukatun iyaye sai dai idan sun nuna rashin da’a da gangan kuma ‘ya’yansu na fama da mummunan rauni ko kuma mutuwa. Wannan wulaƙancin da aka yi na yarda iyaye ya dace ta hanyar bin dokokin tarayya da ke gudanar da alluran rigakafi, tare da yin watsi da yancin tsarin mulkin tarayya da na jihohi.
Masu kara a Politella v. Windham School District et al. su ne iyayen wani dalibin makarantar jama'a na Vermont mai shekaru 6 wanda aka yi masa allurar rigakafin Covid-19 da aka amince a karkashin Dokar Shirye-shiryen Jama'a da Shirye-shiryen Gaggawa (PREP), wanda ke kare 'yan wasan "rufe" daga duk wani abin alhaki na doka don ayyukansu (gajeren gangancin haifar da mutuwa ko mummunan rauni). An yi sa'a, yaron ba shi da wata illa daga maganin. Iyalin sun kai kara a gaban kotun jihar a karkashin daban-daban jihar abubuwan da ke haifar da aiki; Kotun Koli ta Vermont ta yanke hukuncin cewa dokar PREP ta hana kokensu.
Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka ne ke jagorantar wannan sakamakon. The 'Supremacy Clause' (Art. VI, Sashe na 2) ya ba da cewa dokokin tarayya (ciki har da yarjejeniyoyin) su ne 'mafificin Dokar Ƙasa.' Dokokin jaha da suka ci karo da ka'idojin tarayya ko wasu dokoki an 'mallake su' ko kuma 'suka tsara' ta 'mafi girman' dokokin kasa.
Tsarin Mulki na Tarayya
Preemption na Tarayya na iya zama ko dai bayyana, kamar lokacin da dokar tarayya ta ƙunshi bayyanannen harshe na riga-kafi; ko nuna ta kotuna kamar yadda suke cikin tsari da manufar doka. Ƙididdigar ƙaddamarwa ta ƙunshi rukunin shari'a da ake kira 'conflict preemption,' wanda ya haɗa da 'preemption preemption' (lokacin da dokar jihar ta kawo cikas ga cimma manufofin Congress'), da 'rashin yuwuwar preemption,' wanda ke faruwa a lokaci guda yarda da dokokin tarayya da na jihohi ba zai yiwu ba.
Shekaru da yawa, masu gabatar da kara da ke kara masu kera taba don cutar kansar huhu da sauran raunin da suka samu sun toshe ta hanyar preemption na tarayya: saboda Majalisa ta tsara alamun gargaɗin da aka ba da izini a kan marufi na sigari (“Gagaɗi: Babban Likita ya ƙaddara cewa shan taba sigari…”), Kotuna sun yanke shawarar cewa ba da izinin raunin mutum ya dace a ƙarƙashin dokar jihar zai tilasta kamfanonin taba da buga doka mai ƙarfi. Ko da Big Tobacco yana gwaji tare da ƙarin kayan maye (ya kasance) ko kuma ya san cewa sigarinsa ya fi haɗari fiye da yadda jama'a suka sani (yana yi), an bar masu ƙara da ke mutuwa su mutu a matakan kotun.
Tunanin Kotun Vermont ya bi irin wannan layi: ƙyale iƙirarin jihar game da alluran rigakafi na iya buƙatar makarantu su bi ƙa'idodin amincin jama'a fiye da "lalata da gangan da ke haifar da mutuwa ko mummunan rauni na jiki" (rashin yuwuwar preemption). Irin wannan iƙirarin kuma zai ba da shawarar shari'a a kan Big Pharma wanda Majalisa ta nemi hanawa - cikas preemption. Kotun ta yi bayyani da kyau: "Mun kammala cewa lokacin da Dokar PREP ta tarayya ta yi wa wanda ake tuhuma rigakafi, Dokar PREP ta hana duk wani ikirarin dokar jihar a kan wanda ake tuhuma a matsayin doka" - ko da harbin da aka yi na gwaji ne.
Kamar garkuwar da ba a yi niyya ba cewa dokokin sanya sigari na tarayya da aka tsara don kare lafiyar jama'a ya ƙare ya samar wa kamfanonin sigari marasa da'a, ana shakkar Majalisa ta yi niyya don kashe yardan iyaye don rigakafin 'ya'yansu a cikin Dokar PREP. Wanda aka yi niyya don kare lafiyar jama'a, Dokar PREP zata fuskanci koma baya tare da irin wannan tanadi. Fassarar Kotun Koli ta Vermont ba za ta ƙara haifar da jinkirin rigakafin ba kawai amma shakkun makarantun jama'a - iyaye ba su da haƙƙin shari'a game da harbin gwaji sai dai idan jami'an makaranta da gangan suka yi kisa ko rauni na jiki.
Manyan manyan Vermont ba su nuna nadama ba game da ra'ayinsu na gajeriyar hangen nesa ko ma ga iyaye da dangi - har ma da alamar tausayi. Wannan Kotun Kafkian ba ta nuna damuwa ba game da yuwuwar rashin daidaituwar gwamnati, ingancin alluran rigakafi, mummunan sakamako, ko tasiri a cikin yawan matasa waɗanda ba su da babban haɗari daga Covid-19. Babu maganar haƙƙin Tsarin Mulki ko dai jiha ko tarayya, zuwa keɓancewa, sanarwa da aka sani, tsari, ko wani abu dabam. Wannan yana da wuyar ta'aziyya ga iyaye game da tura 'ya'yansu zuwa makaranta a ƙarƙashin mummunan gajimare masu cututtuka na Monkeypox da Murar Tsuntsaye, ko da yake babu shakka yana ta'aziyya ga Big Pharma.
Hukunci maras kyau
Akwai fitattun kurakurai guda biyu a cikin babban abin ban tsoro na Kotun Koli ta Vermont Politella yanke shawara: Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka shine mafi girman doka na ƙasar - har ma da sama da dokokin tarayya; kuma, za a yi amfani da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin tarayya, ba don 'saɓani' ba don kashe haƙƙin iyaye na dogon lokaci da amincewar jama'a.
Kariya daga sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba (kamar kashe haƙƙoƙin iyaye da ke tafiyar da shawarwarin likitanci don rigakafin gwaji) koyaswar shari'a ce da ake kira ' zato game da riga-kafi.' Wannan ka’ida ta samo asali ne daga ka’idojin tsarin tarayya da kuma mutunta diyaucin jihohi, wannan ka’ida ta nuna cewa bai kamata a fassara dokar tarayya da nufin kawar da dokokin jihohi da suka shafi ikon ‘yan sanda mai tarihi ba ‘sai dai idan hakan ya kasance bayyananne kuma a fili manufar Majalisa.
Kotun Koli ta Vermont ba ta nuna damuwa ga dokokin jihar Vermont ko kariyar ta tarayya ba. Wannan abin ban mamaki ne a cikin jihar ta farko don hana bautar da kuma baiwa baƙar fata 'yancin yin zabe a 1792, ba da haƙƙin zubar da ciki a 1972, sami haƙƙin tsarin mulki na jihar don kare 'yan ƙasa daga bincike ta jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu a cikin 2008, da kuma aiwatar da gyare-gyaren Tsarin Mulki don ƙirƙirar jihar tsattsauran ra'ayi ga yara ƙanana don samun transgender bisa ga iyayensu da iyayensu. Tsarin Mulki.
Idan kotunan al'umma ba su kiyaye dokokin tsarin mulki ba, wa zai kare yara kanana daga Big Pharma, rigakafin gwaji, umarnin gwamnati, ko ma rashin gaskiya? Kotun Koli ta Vermont Politella yanke shawara wani mugun abu ne na shari'a, gaba ɗaya yin watsi da kowane haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa don goyon bayan cikakken ikon mulkin kama-karya na gwamnatin tarayya.
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John Klar lauya ne, manomi, mai fafutukar kare hakkin abinci, kuma marubuci daga Vermont. John marubucin ma'aikaci ne don Labaran Liberty Nation da Door zuwa 'Yanci. Babban jigon sa shine Jamhuriya Small Farm.
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