Ba jari-hujja ba ne. Ba gurguzu ba. Sabuwar kalmar da muke ji a kwanakin nan ita ce kalmar da ta dace: kamfani. Yana nufin hadewar masana'antu da jiha zuwa naúrar tare da manufar cimma babban ƙarshen hangen nesa, 'yancin ɗan adam ya zama tsine. Kalmar da kanta ta riga ta kasance kafin magajin ta, wanda shine farkisanci. Amma kalmar eff ta zama mara fahimta gaba ɗaya kuma ba ta da amfani ta hanyar rashin amfani don haka akwai bayyananniyar da za a samu ta hanyar tattauna tsohuwar kalmar.
Yi la'akari, a matsayin misali bayyananne, Big Pharma. Yana ba da kuɗi ga masu gudanarwa. Yana kula da ƙofa mai juyawa tsakanin gudanarwar kamfanoni da sarrafa tsari. Gwamnati sau da yawa tana ba da gudummawar haɓaka magunguna kuma ta buga tambarin roba. Gwamnati ta kara ba da kuma aiwatar da haƙƙin mallaka. Ana biyan alluran rigakafi daga alhakin lahani. Lokacin da masu siye suka yi ta harbe-harbe, gwamnati ta sanya umarni, kamar yadda muka gani. Bugu da ari, pharma yana biyan kusan kashi 75 na tallace-tallace a gidan talabijin na maraice, wanda a fili yana siyan ɗaukar hoto mai kyau da kuma shiru akan abubuwan da ba su da kyau.
Wannan shi ne ainihin ma'anar kamfani. Amma ba wannan masana'antar ba ce kawai. Yana ƙara shafar fasaha, kafofin watsa labaru, tsaro, aiki, abinci, muhalli, lafiyar jama'a, da komai. Manyan ’yan wasa sun hade cikin kabilanci, tare da murza rayuwar kasuwar kasuwa.
Ba a cika yin magana akan batun haɗin gwiwar ba dalla-dalla. Mutane za su gwammace su ci gaba da tattaunawa kan manufofin da ba su da amfani a zahiri. Waɗannan nau'ikan kyawawan halaye ne waɗanda suka rabu dama da hagu; A halin da ake ciki ainihin barazanar da ake ciki suna tafiya ƙarƙashin radar. Kuma wannan baƙon abu ne saboda kamfani ya fi zama gaskiyar rayuwa. Ya ratsa yawancin al'ummomi a duniya daban-daban a cikin karni na 20, kuma ya ɓata mana rai a yau fiye da dā.
Coporatism yana da dogon tarihi na akida tun daga ƙarni biyu. Ya fara ne a matsayin hari na asali a kan abin da aka fi sani da liberalism a lokacin. Liberalism ya fara ƙarni a baya tare da ƙarshen yaƙe-yaƙe na addini a Turai da fahimtar cewa ba da izinin yancin addini yana da kyau ga kowa. Yana rage tashin hankali a cikin al'umma kuma har yanzu yana riƙe da damar yin aiki mai ƙarfi na bangaskiya. Wannan fahimtar a hankali ta bayyana ta hanyoyin da suka shafi magana, tafiya, da kasuwanci gabaɗaya.
A farkon karni na 19, bayan juyin juya halin Amurka, ra'ayin 'yanci ya mamaye Turai. Manufar ita ce jihar ba za ta iya yin abin da ya fi dacewa ga al'ummomin da ke ƙarƙashin mulkinta ba fiye da bar su su ci gaba ba tare da wata ƙasa ta ƙarshe ba. Tsarin teleocracy yana da alaƙa da wata hukuma ta tsakiya wacce ke neman cimma takamaiman manufa ko manufa, galibi ana ganinta a matsayin mafi girman kyakkyawan aiki ko ƙarshen gama gari wanda ke ba da izinin tauye 'yancin ɗan adam. A cikin ra'ayi mai sassaucin ra'ayi, akasin haka, 'yanci ga kowa ya zama ƙasa ta ƙarshe.
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (27 ga Agusta, 1770 - Nuwamba 14, 1831), masanin falsafar Jamus wanda ya bayyana asarar ƙasa a ƙarshen yaƙe-yaƙe na Napoleon a matsayin koma baya na ɗan lokaci kawai a cikin makomar tarihin ƙasar Jamus. A tunaninsa na siyasa, al'ummar kasa baki daya na bukatar makoma wadda ta yi daidai da dokokin da ya shimfida na tarihi. Wannan cikakken ra'ayi ya ƙunshi coci, masana'antu, iyali, da daidaikun mutane: dole ne kowa ya yi tafiya a hanya ɗaya.
Gabaɗaya ya kai kololuwa a cikin cibiyoyin jihar, in ji shi Falsafar Dama, wanda "shine ainihin ra'ayin ɗabi'a, "ma'anar dukan ɗabi'a," "ra'ayin allahntaka kamar yadda yake a duniya," da kuma "aikin fasaha wanda 'yancin mutum ya cika kuma ya daidaita tare da 'yancin dukansa."
Idan duk wannan ya yi kama da mumbo-jumbo a gare ku, barka da zuwa ga tunanin Hegel, wanda ya sami horo kan tiyoloji da farko kuma ko ta yaya ya mamaye falsafar siyasar Jamus na dogon lokaci. Mabiyansa sun rabu zuwa nau'ikan kididdiga na hagu da dama, wanda ya ƙare a Karl Marx da kuma Hitler, wanda ya yarda cewa jihar ita ce cibiyar rayuwa yayin da kawai suke jayayya game da abin da ya kamata ta yi.
Coporatism wata alama ce ta sigar "dama" ta Hegelianism, wanda ke nufin cewa bai kai ga cewa ya kamata a kawar da addini, dukiya, da iyali ba, kamar yadda Marxism ya ba da shawara daga baya. Maimakon haka, ya kamata kowane ɗayan waɗannan cibiyoyi su yi hidima ga jihar da ke wakiltar gaba ɗaya.
Bangaren tattalin arziki na kamfanoni ya sami tururi tare da aikin Friedrich List (Agusta 6, 1789 - Nuwamba 30, 1846) wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na gudanarwa a Jami'ar Tübingen amma an kore shi kuma ya tafi Amurka inda ya shiga cikin kafa layin dogo kuma ya yi nasara kan tattalin arzikin "Tsarin Kasa" ko kasuwancin masana'antu. Gaskanta cewa yana bin aikin Alexander Hamilton, List ya ba da shawarar dogaro da kai na kasa ko autarky a matsayin ingantaccen kasuwancin sarrafa kasuwanci. A cikin wannan, ya tsaya kan gabaɗayan al'adar masu sassaucin ra'ayi waɗanda suka daɗe suna haɗuwa a kan aikin Adam Smith da koyaswar ciniki cikin 'yanci.
A cikin Burtaniya, hangen nesa na Hegelian na jihar ya tabbata a cikin rubuce-rubucen Thomas Carlyle (Disamba 4, 1795 - Fabrairu 5, 1881), masanin falsafar Scotland wanda ya rubuta littattafai kamar su. Akan Jarumai, Jaruma Bauta, Jarumi A Tarihi, Da kuma Juyin juya halin Faransa: Tarihi. Ya kasance mai kare bautar da mulkin kama-karya, kuma ya kirkiri kalmar "kimiyya mai ban tsoro" don tattalin arziki daidai saboda tattalin arziki kamar yadda ya bunkasa ya ci gaba da gwagwarmaya da bautar.
Tories sun shiga aikin ta hanyar bin aikin John Ruskin (Fabrairu 8, 1819 - Janairu 20, 1900) wanda shine jagoran masu sukar fasahar Ingilishi na zamanin Victoria, mai ba da agaji, kuma ya zama Farfesa na farko na Slade na Fine Art a Jami'ar Oxford. Ya kafa Guild na Saint George a adawa da jari-hujja na kasuwanci da samar da jama'a ga talakawan mutane. A cikin aikinsa, za mu iya ganin yadda gabaɗaya gabaɗayan cin kasuwa ya haɗu da kyau tare da sha'awar aristocratic ga al'umma mai tushe wacce ta ba da fifiko ga dukiya don nan gaba a kan yunƙurin daidaita daidaito.
A {asar Amirka, aikin Charles Darwin ya zo ana cin zarafi ta hanyar eugenics a cikin 1880s da kuma biyo baya, wanda daya daga cikin ayyukan jihar ya zama maganin ingancin yawan jama'a. Wannan yunkuri kuma ya yi tasiri a Turai. An yi masa kallon hargitsi don ba da damar haifuwar ɗan adam a bar shi ga son rai na ɗan adam. Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziƙin Amirka tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin ilimi da yawa sun jefa kansu cikin aikin har ka'idar eugenic ta zama wani ɓangare na ilimi na yau da kullum. Wannan gaskiya ne shekaru 100 da suka wuce.
A cikin Turai bayan Babban Yaƙin, wani sabon nau'i na Hegelianism yana riƙe wanda ya haɗa eugenics, autarky, kishin ƙasa, da ɗan kididdiga a cikin fakiti ɗaya. Masanin falsafar Bature-Jamus Houston Stewart Chamberlain (Satumba 9, 1855 - 9 ga Janairu, 1927) ya zagaya Turai kuma ya sami sha'awar Wagner da al'adun Jamus, sannan ya zama babban zakaran Hitler. Ya ba da shawarar anti-Semitism mai kishirwa kuma ya rubuta Tushen Karni na Sha Tara, wanda ya jaddada Tushen Teutonic na Turai.
Sauran tauraro a cikin jerin kamfanoni sun haɗa da:
- Werner Sombart (Janairu 18, 1863 - Mayu 18, 1941) Masanin ilimin Jamus, masanin tattalin arziki na makarantar tarihi da ilimin zamantakewa, wanda cikin sauƙi ya kauce daga kasancewa mai goyon bayan kwaminisanci zuwa zama babban zakaran Nazi.
- Frederick Hoffman (Mayu 2, 1865 - Fabrairu 23, 1946) an haife shi a Jamus, ya zama masanin kididdiga a Amurka, kuma ya rubuta Halayen Race da Halin Negro na Amurka kwatanta Ba-Amurkawa a matsayin ƙasa da sauran jinsi, amma jefa ƙuri'a ga Yahudawa da waɗanda ba 'yan Caucasians ba.
- Madison Grant (Nuwamba 19, 1865 - Mayu 30, 1937) ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Yale kuma ya sami digiri na shari'a daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Columbia, bayan haka sha'awar ilimin eugenics ya sa ya yi nazarin "Tarihin kabilanci" na Turai kuma ya rubuta mashahurin littafin bugawa. Wucewa Babban Race. Ya kasance babban masanin muhalli kuma zakaran gandun daji na kasa, saboda wasu dalilai na eugenic.
- Charles Davenport (1 ga Yuni, 1866 - Fabrairu 18, 1944) farfesa ne a fannin dabbobi a Harvard wanda ya yi bincike kan eugenics, ya rubuta. Gado a cikin Alakar Eugenics, kuma ya kafa Ofishin rikodin Eugenics da Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Eugenics ta Duniya. Ya kasance babban dan wasa a gina jihar eugenic.
- Henry H. Goddard (Agusta 14, 1866 - Yuni 18, 1957) masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ne, masanin eugenicist, kuma Daraktan Bincike a Makarantar Koyarwa ta Vineland don 'Yan Mata da Samari masu ratsa jiki. Ya yada karatun IQ tare da mayar da su wani makamin da jihar ke amfani da shi wajen samar da al’umma da aka tsara, inda ya samar da mukamai da jami’an gwamnati suka tsara da kuma aiwatar da su.
- Edward A. Ross (Disamba 12, 1866 - Yuli 22, 1951) ya sami Ph.D. daga Jami'ar Johns Hopkins, ya kasance wani bangare na baiwa a Stanford, kuma ya zama wanda ya kafa ilimin zamantakewa a Amurka. Mawallafin Zunubi da Al'umma (1905). Ya yi kashedi game da illolin da ke tattare da ba wa mata yancin zavi damar yin kasuwanci tare da tura dokoki don hana aikin mata.
- Robert DeCourcy Ward (Nuwamba 29, 1867 - Nuwamba 12, 1931) farfesa ne a fannin nazarin yanayi da yanayin yanayi a Jami'ar Harvard kuma ya kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙaddamar da Shige da Fice, yana tsoron tasirin dysgenic na Slavic, Yahudawa, da auratayya na Italiyanci. Tasirinsa shine mabuɗin rufe iyakokin a 1924, yana kama miliyoyin mutane a Turai don a yanka.
- Giovanni Al'ummai (Mayu 30, 1875 - Afrilu 15, 1944) wani masanin falsafa ne na Neo-Hegelian mai akida, wanda ya ba da tushe na ilimi ga Coporatism na Italiyanci da Fascism kuma ya taimaka rubutu. Rukunan Fascism da Benito Mussolini. A takaice dai jaridun Amurka sun kaunace shi saboda basira da hangen nesa.
- Lewis Terman (15 ga Janairu, 1877 - Disamba 21, 1956) masanin eugenic ne wanda ya mayar da hankali kan nazarin yara masu hazaka kamar yadda IQ ta auna. Tare da Ph.D. daga Jami'ar Clark, ya zama memba na Pro-eugenic Human Betterment Foundation, kuma ya kasance shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Amirka. Ya ingiza rarrabuwar kawuna, tilastawa haifuwa, kula da shige da fice, lasisin haihuwa, da tsarin al'umma gabaɗaya.
- Oswald Spengler (Mayu 29, 1880 - Mayu 8, 1936) ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Halle a Jamus, ya zama malami, kuma a cikin 1918 ya rubuta Rushewar Yamma akan zagayowar tarihi da sauye-sauyen da suka nemi bayyana yadda Jamus ta sha kaye a babban Yakin. Ya bukaci sabon tsarin mulkin kabilanci na Teutonic don yakar son kai mai sassaucin ra'ayi.
- Ezra Pound (Oktoba 30, 1885 - Nuwamba 1, 1972) wani mawaƙin zamani ne na zamani daga Amurka wanda ya tuba zuwa gurguzu na ƙasa kuma ya zargi WWI akan riba da jari-hujja na duniya kuma ya goyi bayan Mussolini da Hitler a lokacin WWII. Wani mutum mai hazaka amma mai matukar damuwa, Pound yayi amfani da hazakarsa wajen rubuta wa jaridun Nazi a Ingila kafin da lokacin yakin.
- Carl Schmitt (Yuli 11, 1888 - Afrilu 7, 1985) masanin shari'a ne na Nazi kuma masanin siyasa wanda ya yi rubutu da yawa da zafi a kan 'yanci na gargajiya don rashin tausayi na ikon (Manufar Siyasa). Ra'ayinsa game da rawar da jihar ke takawa duka. Ya sha'awar kuma ya yi bikin despotism, yaki, da Hitler.
- Charles Edward Coughlin (Oktoba 25, 1891 - Oktoba 27, 1979), babban limamin limamin Kanada-Amurke ne wanda ya dauki nauyin shirin rediyo tare da masu sauraro miliyan 30 a cikin 1930s. Ya raina tsarin jari-hujja, ya goyi bayan New Deal, kuma ya shiga cikin tsattsauran ra'ayi na kin jinin Yahudawa da koyarwar Nazi, yana buga jawabai na Goebbels a karkashin sunansa. Nunin nasa ya zaburar da dubban mutane yin zanga-zanga a kan tituna domin nuna adawa da 'yan gudun hijira Yahudawa.
- Julius Caesar Evola (Mayu 19, 1898 - Yuni 11, 1974) wani masanin falsafar Italiya ne mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ya mai da hankali kan tarihi da addini kuma ya bauta wa tashin hankali. Mussolini ya sha'awar shi kuma ya rubuta wasiƙun ƙauna ga Hitler. Ya shafe tsawon rayuwarsa yana ba da shawarar a rinjayi mata da kisan gilla ga Yahudawa.
- Francis Parker Yockey (Satumba 18, 1917 - Yuni 16, 1960) lauyan Amurka ne kuma mai sadaukarwa Nazi wanda ya rubuta Imperium: Falsafar Tarihi da Siyasa, wanda ke yin jayayya da tushen al'ada, tafarki na kama-karya don kiyaye al'adun Yammacin Turai a kan tasirin Yahudawa. Ya ce faduwar Sarauta ta Uku koma baya ne na wucin gadi. Ya kashe kansa a gidan yari inda ake tsare da shi bisa laifin zamba. Yockey ne wanda ke da tasiri mai ƙarfi akan Willis Carto (1926-2015), wanda ke goyon bayan ka'idar Nazi.
Irin wannan shi ne taƙaitaccen kallo na tushen hankali da ci gaban tunanin kamfanoni, cikakke tare da mafi munin akida. Mai da hankali kan kishin ƙasa na teleocratic a kowane yanayi yana zuwa ta hanyar rarrabuwa da cin nasara a cikin al'umma, yawanci ta hanyar "babban mutum," da barin "ƙwararrun" su yi watsi da sha'awar jama'a na zaman lafiya da wadata.
An tura samfurin kamfanoni a yawancin ƙasashe a lokacin Babban Yaƙin, wanda shine gwaji mafi girma a cikin tsare-tsaren tsakiya tare da haɗin gwiwar masana'antun bindigogi da sauran manyan kamfanoni. An tura shi a hade tare da shiga aikin soja, tantancewa, hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, da kuma babbar injin kashe mutane. Ya zaburar da dukkan tsarar masu hankali da manajojin jama'a. Sabuwar Yarjejeniyar Amurka, tare da sarrafa farashin sa da kariyar masana'antu, mutane irin su Rexford Tugwell (1891-1979) ne ke gudanar da shi da yawa wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa ga haɗakar kasuwanci ta hanyar kwarewarsa a cikin wannan yaƙin. Irin wannan tsari da aka maimaita a yakin duniya na biyu.
Wannan taƙaitaccen tarihin zuriyarsa ya ɗauke mu ne kawai zuwa tsakiyar ƙarni na 20. A yau kamfani yana ɗaukar nau'i daban-daban. Maimakon ƙasa, yana da faɗin duniya. Baya ga gwamnati da manyan kamfanoni, kamfanoni na yau sun haɗa da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu masu ƙarfi, ƙungiyoyin sa-kai, da kuma katafaren tushe da aka gina da manyan arziki. Yana da yawa na sirri kamar yadda na jama'a. Amma ba ƙaramin rarrabuwar kai ba ne, rashin tausayi, da tsattsauran ra'ayi kamar yadda yake a baya.
Har ila yau, ta kawar da mafi yawan koyarwarta masu ban mamaki (da abin kunya), ta bar a cikin wuri kawai manufofin gwamnatocin duniya da ke aiki kai tsaye tare da manyan kamfanoni a kafofin watsa labaru da fasaha don samar da hangen nesa guda daya ga bil'adama a kan tafiya, kamar yadda Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta bayyana kowace rana. Tare da wannan ya zo ne da ƙima da ƙuntatawa akan 'yancin kasuwanci da na mutum ɗaya.
Mafarin matsalolin kenan. Coporatism yana kawar da yunƙurin gasa na gasa jari-hujja kuma ya maye gurbinsa da kujerun da 'yan oligarchs ke gudanarwa. Yana rage girma da wadata. Yana da lalacewa ko da yaushe. Yana yin alƙawarin inganci amma yana haifar da grafting kawai. Yana fadada gibin da ke tsakanin masu hannu da shuni da kuma haifar da tashe-tashen hankula tsakanin masu mulki da masu mulki. Yana bazuwa da ƙauyen gida, kebantaccen addini, haƙƙin iyalai, da ƙa'idodin gargajiya. Har ila yau yana ƙare da tashin hankali.
Corporatism wani abu ne face tsattsauran ra'ayi. Kalmar cikakkiyar siffa ce ta mafi girman nasarar tsarin ƙididdiga na ƙarni na 20. A cikin karni na 21, an ba ta sabuwar rayuwa da buri wanda ke da iyakacin duniya. Amma dangane da mafi girman manufofin Amurka da wayewar kai na 'yanci ga kowa, hakika yana wakiltar akasin haka.
Har ila yau, ita ce babbar matsalar da muke fuskanta a yau, mafi yawan damuwa fiye da tsofaffin nau'ikan gurguzu da tsarin jari-hujja. Hakanan a cikin mahallin Amurka, haɗin gwiwa na iya zuwa cikin nau'ikan da ke kama da hagu da dama. Amma kada ku yi kuskure: ainihin manufa koyaushe ana fahimtar 'yanci a al'adance.
(Don ƙarin rubuce-rubuce na kan wannan batu, duba Ƙungiyar Dama-Wing.)
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Jeffrey Tucker shine Wanda ya kafa, Mawallafi, kuma Shugaban Kasa a Cibiyar Brownstone. Shi ne kuma babban masanin tattalin arziki na Epoch Times, marubucin littattafai 10, ciki har da Rayuwa Bayan Kulle, da dubunnan labarai da yawa a cikin jaridu masu ilimi da shahararru. Yana magana da yawa akan batutuwan tattalin arziki, fasaha, falsafar zamantakewa, da al'adu.
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