Tsarin mulkin mallaka ƙwararrun ma'aikata ne idan kun kasance daga ɓangaren mulkin mallaka. Suna biya da kyau kuma suna ba da balaguro mai ban sha'awa zuwa wurare masu ban sha'awa. Suna tallafawa dangin ku da fa'idodi da tallafi. Kuma suna gamsar da ku (saboda kuna son tabbatarwa) cewa kuna amfana da yawa alhali kuwa, kamar Rudyard Kipling nace suna daukar nauyinsu. Maimakon zama mai ba da kwadayi da sata, da gaske kuna haifar da wayewa, kamar ilimi ko kiwon lafiya - kuna sadaukar da kanku don mafi girma. A agaji, ko da a beck da kira na attajirai da masu iko.
Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a na Ƙasashen Duniya da Ƙaddamarwa
Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ya taso ne bayan yakin duniya na biyu, yayin da yawancin duniya ke jefar da karkiyar masu mulkin mallaka. Hannun ’yan mulkin mallaka sun bambanta, tun daga waɗanda suka gina ababen more rayuwa kuma ana ganin sun samar da wani abu ga waɗanda suke mulka, zuwa waɗanda kawai abin da ake ganin an wawashe. Wasu sun ci Jihohi masu aiki da kyau, wasu sun maye gurbin gwamnatoci a matsayin zalunci kamar su. Amma, kamar bauta, mulkin mallaka, ko tilasta wa wasu don amfanin kansa, kuskure ne koyaushe. Dukansu biyun suna iya komawa baya muddin ɗan adam, sun kasance a ko'ina cikin mafi yawan tarihi, kuma suna wanzuwa a yau. Mun koyi lullube su.
Shekarun 1950 zuwa 1970 sun ga rabin duniya sun tashi daga yi wa wasu al'ummomi hidima don zama masu cin gashin kansu a siyasance. Ya yi nisa da santsi, tare da ikon Turawa suna 'yantar da' mulkin mallaka bisa iyakokin mulkin mallaka na son rai, don haka sun bar baya da ƙasa marasa kwanciyar hankali ('yan Balkan sun gaya mana wannan ba kawai matsalar Asiya ko Afirka ba ce). Wani abin gado kuma shi ne mallakar kamfanonin da ke fitar da albarkatu, tare da tsofaffin shugabannin da abokansu a wasu lokutan tsayi mai yawa don kiyaye wannan. Sun tabbatar da cewa yankunansu sun kasance. ta fuskar tattalin arziki akalla, mulkin mallaka. Kamfanoni sun wanzu don hakowa da tara dukiya, kuma masu arziki a duniya suna son kamfanoninsu su ci gaba da samun riba mai yawa daga ƙananan farashi bayan an yi asarar yankunansu. Kasashe matalauta suna da ƙarancin farashi da ƙarancin kulawa, kuma tare da isasshe amoral m, ana iya kiyaye su haka. Dukiya na iya gudana zuwa sama zuwa ga tsohon mulkin mallaka, ko da lokacin da mulkin mallaka ya kasance a hukumance.
WHO a farkon zamaninta ya dace da wannan tsari yayin da ya tsaya don amfanin kowa, da Tsarin mulki bukatar kowace Jiha membobi ta sarrafa ta daidai gwargwado. Kowace Jiha mai tasowa tana da kuri'a daya a mulkinta Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya – daidai da tsoffin shugabannin mulkin mallaka. Wannan dai ya sha bamban da ita kanta hukumar ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, inda ‘yan mulkin mallaka da suka shude a Kwamitin Sulhun ke rike da madafun iko. Ko da yake wata hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ce, an yanke shawarar cewa WHO yakamata ta fi dacewa ta nuna duniyar da ke neman mulkin mallaka.
Shekaru da yawa, WHO gabaɗaya ta yi nasara. Mutane da yawa suna so su haskaka abubuwan da aka faɗa - "amma wannan Darakta-Janar ya taɓa faɗi haka" ko "wani babban jami'i ya faɗi haka" - amma ƙungiyar ta fi waɗannan 'yan kaɗan girma. WHO ta mayar da hankali kan manyan matsalolin cututtuka da za a iya magance su kamar zazzabin cizon sauro, tarin fuka, daga baya, HIV/AIDS. Ya taimaka sanya wasu kamar hamma da kuturta su zama da wuya. Ya ba da fifiko ga direbobin mutuwar jarirai da yara. Har ila yau, ta jagoranci yakin kawar da cutar sankara - akalla yana hanzarta kawar da shi.
Gane manyan abubuwan da ke tabbatar da tsawon rayuwa - ingantattun yanayin rayuwa, abinci mai gina jiki, da tsafta - WHO ta ba da fifiko ga waɗannan kuma ta jaddada mahimmancin tsarin al'umma da kulawa na farko don cimma su. The Sanarwa Alma Ata na ƙarshen 1970s, mil mil mil da aka cire daga martanin Covid-19 na 2020, sun fahimci mahimmancin tsarin gida ga sakamakon kiwon lafiya, yana nuna gaskiyar cewa haɓaka ɗan adam yana gina rayuwa mai tsayi fiye da sinadarai da ke tallafawa da jarin kuɗi. Kamar yadda WHO ba ta da wanda ya tura ta don haɓaka haɗarin cututtuka masu riba, mutane kaɗan a zahiri sun ji abubuwa da yawa game da shi.
Manya-manyan cututtuka na kawo cikas ga tattalin arzikin kasa da kuma hana al’umma da kasashe su tashi tsaye, musamman a lokacin da ‘ya’yansu da manya ke mutuwa. Rashin iya magance abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin lafiya yana tabbatar da talauci da dogaro da taimako. Gina juriyar ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun jama'a da ƙarfin ƙasa yakamata ya yi akasin haka, kuma wannan shine sau ɗaya aikin WHO. Nasara a cikin wannan mahallin zai kasance a hankali rage dogaro, tare da rage buƙatun kuɗi da ma'aikata na ƙasashen waje. Wannan, har zuwa shekara ta 2000, fahimtar juna ce tsakanin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiyar jama'a na duniya. Ya kamata a sami ƙarshen wannan aikin, inda ƙasashe ke tallafawa kansu.
Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a na Duniya da Sake Mallaka
Yin aiki tare da WHO zuwa ƙarshen wasan dogaro da kai na kiwon lafiya (ko kammala mulkin mallaka) ƙungiyoyi kaɗan ne. UNICEF (mai da hankali kan lafiyar yara), wasu 'yan tushe kamar su Wellcome Trust, da makarantun gargajiya na kiwon lafiya da tsaftar wurare masu zafi. Kananan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) sun yi aiki a kusa da wadannan. Duka, har ma da Wellcome Trust wanda wani Pharma magnate ya kafa, sun ba da fifiko kan haɓaka iya aiki da cututtuka masu nauyi. Kayayyakin da aka kera kamar su magunguna wani bangare ne na samun sakamako, amma ba babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali ba. Mutanen Yamma za su yi karatu a Jami'ar Mahidol a Thailand maimakon makarantar kiwon lafiyar jama'a a Amurka saboda lafiyar jama'a game da al'umma ne maimakon masu ba da kuɗi.
Canjin tun lokacin yana da ban mamaki. WHO da manyan abokanta kafin 2000 sun fi yawa a cikin masana'antar da ke ƙara samun riba. The Asusun Duniya ita ce babbar cibiyar bayar da tallafi ga cizon sauro, tarin fuka, da HIV/AIDS. UNITAID, haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu (PPP), an ƙaddamar da shi don kafa kasuwanni don alluran rigakafi, magunguna, da bincike a cikin ƙasashe masu ƙananan kuɗi. gavi, haɗin gwiwar rigakafin, PPP ce ta siye da rarraba alluran rigakafi. CEPI, PPP da aka kafa ta musamman a taron tattalin arzikin duniya a Davos a cikin 2017 kusan shekaru 100 bayan babbar annoba ta ƙarshe, an sadaukar da ita kaɗai ga alluran rigakafin cututtuka.
Gidauniyar Gates, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta tare da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙawancen Pharma, ta haɓaka don samun kuɗi kuma tana da tasiri a kan duk abubuwan da ke sama, yayin da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na Bankin Duniya da ke ƙaruwa, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, Asusun Cutar Cutar. Duk waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna da sha'awa iri ɗaya don faɗaɗa kasuwanni don kayayyaki ko kuma ba da kuɗin amfani da su. Babu wani da ke da babban abubuwan tarihi na tsawon rayuwa - ingantacciyar tsafta, abinci mai gina jiki, da sararin rayuwa - a matsayin babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali. Ayyukansu ba su da fa'ida, amma gabaɗayan girmamawa a bayyane yake.
An gina sabbin cibiyoyin karatu a Switzerland da Amurka a cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata don ɗaukar dubunnan masu gudanar da wannan hanyar mai fa'ida ta kula da lafiya a ƙasashe masu karamin karfi. Ba a gina su a Nairobi ko Delhi ba, amma Geneva da Seattle. Masana'antu masu bunƙasa na ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) suna yi musu hidima, wanda ke da hedkwata kuma a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa. Waɗannan suna da ma'aikata da suka yi karatun 'kiwon lafiya na duniya' a kwalejoji da masu ba da tallafi suka dauki nauyinsu waɗanda a yanzu suke da burin ciyar da sauran rayuwarsu hidima. Idan akwai kudin da za a yi masana'antu da rarraba magungunan allura, to za su sami dalilan kiwon lafiyar jama'a don yin hakan. Idan masu daukar nauyinsu fifita yanayi, to yanayi zai zama barazana ga lafiya. Idan annoba ta faru, to za a gaya mana wani barazanar wanzuwa daga barkewar cututtuka. Saƙon ne, maimakon gaskiya, ya sa ku yi aiki.
Tattaunawa kiwon lafiya na duniya makarantu a kasashe masu arziki yana gina ma'aikata masu dogara da ake buƙata don tabbatar da bin tsarin mulkin mallaka, ajandar sama-sama wanda a zahiri ke gaba da kyakkyawar lafiyar jama'a. Wasu ‘yan dala miliyan ga Jami’ar Zambiya za su yi iya ƙoƙarinsu don magance tushen talauci da mace-macen yara fiye da dubun-dubatar ga Jami’ar Washington, amma sakamakon ba a kula da shi sosai. Masu hannu da shuni na da hakkin sanya kudadensu a inda suke so, amma aikin hukumomi irin su WHO ya kamata su tabbatar da hakan bai shafi manufofin ba. Ya kamata su tabbatar da cewa yawan jama'a, al'ummomi, da daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar manyan nauyin cututtuka har yanzu suna sarrafa tsarin. A cikin wannan, sun gaza sosai.
Kuɗi mai yawa yana sayen yarjejeniya mai yawa. Albashin Geneva ɗaya na iya tallafawa ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya sama da ashirin a tsakiyar Afirka, amma abin da ma'aikacin da ke zaune a Geneva ya fi mayar da hankali shi ne ilimin yaran su, kiwon lafiya, da hutu. Don wannan, dole ne su ci gaba da aikinsu. Yayin da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na kasafin kuɗin hukumar ta WHO ke fitowa daga majiyoyi masu zaman kansu waɗanda kuma ke bayyana yadda ake kashe kuɗin, a zahiri burin mai ba da kuɗi ya zama fifikon ma'aikata.
Waɗannan abubuwa ne masu sauƙi. Hukumar ta WHO da sauran hukumomin lafiya na kasa da kasa suna yin abin da ake biya su yi. Don haka, yawancin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na duniya a Geneva yanzu sun ba da fifikon haɗarin kamuwa da cutar ta yanayi, wanda a cikin ƙarni da suka gabata da kyar ya yi tasiri ga yawan mace-mace, sama da miliyoyin da ke mutuwa sakamakon ƙarancin ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki. Yayin da ajin kasuwanci ke tashi, suna goyan bayan manufofin da suka takura samun dama ga albarkatun mai a Afirka, kara shigar da talauci da rashin abinci mai gina jiki da suka san yana gajarta rayuwa. Wannan yana buƙatar wani makirci; sakamako ne da ake tsammani na kwaɗayi da son kai na ɗan adam na yau da kullun.
Fuskantar Cin Amana
Waɗannan canje-canje na baya-bayan nan a cikin lafiyar duniya ba gabaɗaya ba ne. Masana'antar tana komawa inda ta fara - a ƙarshen rabin 19th karni tare da al'adun tsafta wanda ya nemi kare Turawan mulkin mallaka daga kwararowar bala'o'i da ke tasowa daga sabbin kadarorin da suka mallaka. An ga karuwar tafiye-tafiye da sauri don inganta sake zagayowar typhus, kwalara, da ƙananan yara. Annobar cutar zazzabin Rawaya ta afkawa garuruwa a Amurka. yarjejeniyoyi tsakanin ƙasashe masu ƙarfi sun nemi sarrafa motsin mutane tare da ba da umarnin kula da lafiyarsu yayin da suke ci gaba da samun wadatar da ta dace.
Mun kawai juya cikakken da'irar. Bayanan da aka kera kamar haka akan hadarin annoba ba kawai kare jarin mulkin mallaka ba amma sun zama a kayan aiki mai riba na yunkurin mulkin mallaka. Cibiyoyin tushen yammacin da aka jera a baya - WHO, Gavi, CEPI, UNITAID - duk suna haɓaka kasuwannin duniya don galibin kamfanoni na Yamma. Ma'aikatansu sun zama masu ba da damar kuma masu bautar - suna jan mayafin altruism a kan fuskar kwadayin kamfanoni don kubutar da mu daga gaba 'gaggawar lafiyar jama'a.' Samar da dukiya daga kasashe masu karamin karfi na hana sauye-sauyen kiwon lafiya da bunkasar tattalin arziki za su haifar, tare da kiyaye rashin daidaiton da ake bukata don tsarin mulkin mallaka ya yi aiki. A cikin layi daya da fadada a cikin masana'antar kiwon lafiya ta duniya, da OECD bayanin kula cewa tazarar dake tsakanin kasashe masu tasowa da masu karamin karfi ya karu da kashi 1.1% a duk shekara tun daga shekarar 2015.
Idan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na kasa da kasa suna samun nasara a manufar da suke da'awar, na gina iya aiki da inganta kiwon lafiya, da sun ragu. Sabanin haka, suna girma yayin da ake aiwatarwa na asali kamar abinci mai gina jiki suna asarar kudade. The Jawabin Covid-19 sun nuna manufarsu. Yayin da kasashe a fadin Afirka suka karu bashi da kuma talauci, masu daukar nauyin masana'antar kiwon lafiya ta duniya sun sauka da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba riba a cikin dukiya.
Siyan ainihin mafarkin WHO ya faru tare da cikakken izinin ma'aikata. Kamar kamfanonin Gabashin Indiya na tsohon zamani, WHO da abokan hulɗarta masu tasowa suna ba da ayyuka masu ban sha'awa da riba. Rushe wannan zai zama wani tsari mai raɗaɗi ga dubbai da yawa da ke cikin wannan jirgin ƙasa mai ɗorewa, kuma za su yi yaƙi kamar yadda ma'aikata za su yi a kowace babbar masana'antar hako da ke fuskantar barazana.
Lokacin da WHO ke da hedikwata a Nairobi ko Delhi, za mu san lafiyar jama'a ta sake kasancewa game da yawan jama'a maimakon riba. Lokacin da manyan haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu suka mai da hankali kan juriyar mutum ɗaya maimakon gyare-gyare mai sauri da ke da alaƙa da haƙƙin mallaka, za mu iya yarda da yankewa shine manufar. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, bai kamata a yi wa masana’antar kiwon lafiya ta duniya ba da bambanci fiye da kowace masana’anta da ke amfani da kuɗin jama’a don amfanin masu zuba jari. Masana'antar kera makamai dai-daita ce; dukkansu za su iya fitar da rayuka da kuma dukiya, kuma dukkansu suna amfani da tsofaffin shugabannin mulkin mallaka.
Ganin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiyar jama'a a matsayin kayan aikin necolonialist da suka zama, da fahimtar abin da ke motsa waɗanda ke cikin su, yana da mahimmanci don ci gaba. Duniya mai zuwa wacce ta fi koshin lafiya kuma mafi adalci har yanzu mai yiwuwa ne, amma ana nuni da yanayin lafiyar jama'a a fili a wani wuri.
Shiga cikin tattaunawar:
An buga ƙarƙashin a Commonirƙirar Commonabi'a Mai Creativeayatarwa 4.0 Licenseasashen Duniya
Don sake bugawa, da fatan za a saita hanyar haɗin yanar gizo zuwa asali Cibiyar Brownstone Labari da Marubuci.
